Chercher un compromis à tout prix
On remue ciel et terre pour obtenir un accord satisfaisant. taoscopy.com
Réparation18
Aborder les problèmes ; réparer ce qui a été négligé. Assumer la responsabilité de restaurer et d'améliorer.
↓ Line 3
Assumer la responsabilité des erreurs passées entraîne de petits regrets mais évite de grandes fautes.
↓ Line 4
Ignorer les erreurs passées conduit à l'embarras et à d'autres problèmes.
↓ Line 5
Corriger les erreurs passées mérite respect et éloge.
↓ Line 6
Viser des idéaux plus élevés plutôt que de chercher l'approbation des figures d'autorité.
↓ Oppression47
Se sentir piégé ou contraint, mais la résilience mène à la croissance intérieure. Acceptez les défis pour découvrir la force intérieure.
Lectures originales
18 Réparation
Other titles: Work On What Has Been Spoiled, The Symbol of Destruction, Decay, Arresting of Decay, Work after Spoiling, Fixing, Rectifying, Corrupting, Branch, Degeneration, Misdeeds "Can refer to heredity and psychological traits.” -- D. F. Hook
Judgment
Legge: Successful progress is indicated for those who properly repair what has been spoiled. It is advantageous to cross the great stream. One should consider carefully the events three days before the turning point and the tasks remaining for three days afterward.
Wilhelm/Baynes:Work On What Has Been Spoiled has supreme success. It furthers one to cross the great water. Before the starting point, three days. After the starting point, three days.
Blofeld:Decay augurs sublime success and the advantage of crossing the great river (or sea). [I.e. of going on a journey or of going forward with one's plans.] What has happened once will surely happen again (literally, "three days before the commencement; three days after the commencement"). [It would have been hard to make sense of these words, were it not that the Confucian Commentary on the Text clearly explains them; hence the liberty I have taken with the Text.]
Liu: Work after spoiling. Great success. It is of benefit to cross the great water. Before starting, three days. After starting, three days. [This hexagram implies that, although conditions are bad now, improvement can be expected.]
Ritsema/Karcher: Corrupting, Spring Growing. Harvesting: wading the Great River. Before seedburst three days, after seedburst three days. [This hexagram describes your situation in terms of disorder, perversion and putrefaction. It emphasizes that letting things rot away so they become obsolete is the adequate way to handle it...]
Shaughnessy: Branch: Prime auspiciousness; receipt. Beneficial to ford the great river; preceding jia by three days, following jia by three days.
Cleary (1): Correcting degeneration is greatly developmental. It is beneficial to cross great rivers. Three days before the start, three days after the start. [The way to correct degeneracy is not in empty tranquility without action; it is necessary to work in the midst of great danger and difficulty, to act in the dragon’s pool and the tiger’s lair. Only then can one restore one’s original being, cultivating it into something indestructible.]
Cleary (2): From degeneration comes great development, etc.
Wu: Misdeeds is great and pervasive. It will be advantageous to cross the big river. It would be advisable to begin an undertaking three days before Jia and examine the ongoing progress three days thereafter.
The Image
Legge: The image of wind below the mountain forms Repair. The superior man, in accordance with this, stimulates the virtue of the people.
Wilhelm/Baynes: The wind blows low on the mountain: the image of Decay. Thus the superior man stirs up the people and strengthens their spirit.
Blofeld: This hexagram symbolizes wind blowing at the foot of a mountain. The Superior Man, by stimulating people's hearts, nourishes their virtue.
Liu: Wind blowing around the foot of the mountain symbolizes Work after Spoiling. The superior man encourages people to cultivate virtue.
Ritsema/Karcher: Below mountain possessing wind. Corrupting. A chun tzu uses rousing the commoners to nurture actualizing-tao. [Actualize-tao: ...ability to follow the course traced by the ongoing process of the cosmos... Linked with acquire, TE: acquiring that which makes a being become what it is meant to be.]
Cleary (1): There is wind in the mountains; degeneration. Thus superior people rouse the people and nurture virtue.
Cleary (2): … Leaders thus arouse the people to nurture virtue.
Wu: There is wind at the foot of the mountain; this is Misdeeds. Thus the jun zi arouses the people and nurtures his own virtue.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: The dynamic trigram is above, and the magnetic trigram is below. Pliancy is below, and Stopping above: these suggest troubled conditions verging on ruin. But Repair brings order to all under heaven, and he who advances will encounter the business to be done. The end of confusion is the beginning of order; such is the procedure of heaven.
Legge: Repair means the performance of painful but necessary duties. It shows a situation in which things are going to ruin, as if through poison or venomous worms. In order to justify the auspice of progress and success, the duty of the figure is to rectify this and restore conditions to health. This will require a major effort, such as crossing the great stream, and the careful differentiation of the causes of the problem, as well as the measures taken to fix it. The attribute of the lower trigram is Pliancy, and the upper represents Stoppage or Arrest. Hence, the feeble pliancy of decadence is stopped cold by the immovable mountain. The three days before and after the turning point symbolize the careful attention and differentiation necessary for any rectification to succeed.
On the Image, Ch'eng-tzu says: "When the wind encounters the mountain, it is driven back, and the things about are all scattered in disorder; such is the emblem of the state denoted by Repair." The nourishing of virtue appears especially in line six -- all the other lines belong to the helping of the people.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Judgment:Repair means to set your house in order. Analyze your choices before the renovation and evaluate their consequences afterward.
The Superior Man orders his thoughts and feelings, reforms old attitudes, and strengthens his will. (Psychologically, to "stimulate the virtue of the people" (Legge) is to rectify the components of a complex.)
To imagine any truly objective state of perception we must include all that exists: the entire cosmos. Each differentiation of this, from atom to galaxy, is one slice out of an infinite whole. As a portion of the entirety, we are always linked with our ancestors in an infinite web of relationships which includes our family history, our racial-cultural-historical heritage and Homo sapiens as a species. Though seldom aware of them, it is useful to remember these links. Emanating from an unfathomable complexity, their karmically-charged morphogenetic fields are constantly shaping our lives. It follows that, although we perceive ourselves as separate from our ancestors, the separation is a subjective experience which is true only in a temporally limited sense.
Every line of Repair, except two and six, shows a son dealing with the troubles caused by his father. This reminds us of the biblical curse:
For I the Lord thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me. Exodus 20: 5
The father archetype has a wide range of meanings: this extends from the Primal Spirit ("God the Father"), to a prior cause or intent in the psyche which has engendered a present condition. Psychologically interpreted, it is this latter reading which usually applies. If a "father" symbolizes the cause, then a "son" is the effect. If the effect is imperfect, then to rectify it is also to rectify the original intent.
To a large extent our lives consist of well-intentioned but misguided choices which create less than perfect consequences. To modify our attitude or behavior so that it corrects errors in our original intent is to "deal with the troubles caused by the father."
For example: In a misconceived expression of affection, a parent allows his child unrestricted access to candy. As a consequence of this choice, the kid's teeth become rotten, and the only logical way to correct the original error is to now curtail his intake of sugar. The fact that this new choice will create stress in the relationship between parent and child is just a consequence of the original choice and has no bearing at all on what is correct in the situation.
In some situations this hexagram may be interpreted as a response to a karmic chain of cause and effect:
To harmonize with the Wisdom Teachings, the scripture should read that the karma of the "father" is visited upon the "child" unto the fourth incarnation, not generation. The mistakes you made in the last four incarnations may be visited upon you in the form of karma flowing out of the heart seed atom in the present incarnation. Thus what you "fathered," or created, in your last incarnation may be the source ("parent") of your karma today. You are a child of that parent today. You have inherited from that parent -- the you of the past, not your physical parents -- all of your characteristics, weaknesses and strengths. Earlyne Chaney -- The Mystery of Death and Dying
The interpretation of any oracle response can only be as profound as our minds are prepared to accept. As moderns we find it difficult to empathize with "ancestor worship," yet properly understood, it can provide useful insights into the Work. In the unconscious realm all time is immediate, not sequential, and the Objective Psyche consists of a non- temporal web of forces shading from personal to universal. This means that if we have a complex engendered in us by our father, for example, we can reasonably assume that he was passing on what he received from his own parents. In this way, the unresolved complexes of the ancestors shape our own personalities: they live in and through us right now, even if they had their birth in forefathers long forgotten. This is a kind of near-immortality: individuals may die, but beliefs, attitudes, complexes live as long as they have receptive vessels to inhabit. (This is probably the engine of karma.) To the extent that an ancestral chain of causality still motivates our choices, we are totally responsible for "setting right what has been spoiled by the father."
SUGGESTIONS FOR MEDITATION
Most people have some level of unfinished business with their parents: psychologists would have little to do if this weren't true. It can be a healing ritual to set up an altar to a deceased parent and meditate there on the stresses that still remain between you. To approach the situation without judgment, to realize (non-logically) that forces pre-existing you provoked the condition as much as your parent did, will elicit much insight. Be especially aware of the presence of the past and the illusion of linear time. (Is it possible somehow to be your own great-grandfather?) Ancestor “worship” of this sort can be profoundly therapeutic.
Line 3
Legge: The third line, dynamic, shows a son dealing with the troubles caused by his father. There may be some small occasion for repentance, but there will not be any great error.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Setting right what has been spoiled by the father. There will be a little remorse. No great blame.
Blofeld: Making ourselves responsible for the mistakes of our fathers may involve some regret but not much blame.
Liu: In correcting the mistakes of the father, there is slight remorse. No great blame.
Ritsema/Karcher: Managing the father's Corrupting. The small possesses repenting. Without the great: fault.
Shaughnessy: The stem father's branch; there is a little regret; there is no great trouble.
Cleary (1): Correcting the degeneracy of the father, there is a little regret but not much blame.
Wu: He attends to the affairs of his father. There will be small regrets, but no big error.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: In the end there will be no error. Wilhelm/Baynes: In the end there is no blame. Blofeld: In the end we shall be free from blame. Ritsema/Karcher: Completing without fault indeed. Cleary (2): In the end there is no blame. Wu: He will be blameless in the end.
Legge: Line three is dynamic, but not central, so that he might well go to excess in his efforts. But this tendency is counteracted by his place in the trigram of Humble Submission. (Pliancy.)
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: The man proceeds too energetically in correcting past errors. This results in some discord and distress. But a trifle too much energy is preferable to a trifle too little, and no great blame will ensue.
Wing: You are anxious to rectify the mistakes of the past and move vigorously into the future. Your actions may be hasty and you will be judged inconsiderate by others, but in the end you will not suffer for it.
Editor: The image suggests the normal rectification of an error.
Anyone who has ever been through such a psychic experience knows what an immense relief this can be, how much more bearable, for example, it is for a son to conceive the son-father problem no longer on the plane of individual guilt -- in relation, for example, to his own desire for his father's death, his aggressions and desires for revenge -- but as a problem of deliverance from the father, i.e., from a dominant principle of consciousness, that is no longer adequate for the son: a problem that concerns all men and has been disclosed in the myths and fairy tales as the slaying of the reigning old king and the son's accession to his throne. J. Jacobi -- Complex, Archetype, Symbol
A. Image of an easily rectified mistake.
Line 4
Legge: The fourth line, magnetic, shows a son viewing indulgently the troubles caused by his father. If he goes forward, he will find cause to regret it.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Tolerating what has been spoiled by the father. In continuing one sees humiliation.
Blofeld: Tolerating the mistakes of our fathers would occasion us regret in the course of time.
Liu: Continuing to tolerate the mistakes of the father brings humiliation.
Ritsema/Karcher: Enriching the father's Corrupting. Going: visualizing abashment.
Shaughnessy: The bathed father's branch; going to see is distressful.
Cleary (1): Forgiving the degeneration of the father; if one goes on, there will be shame.
Cleary (2): Indulging the degeneration of the father, if you go on you will experience shame.
Wu: He shows compassion in the affairs of his father. If he attends to them, he will make error.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: If he advances he will not succeed. Wilhelm/Baynes: He goes, but as yet finds nothing. Blofeld: In that case, we should fail to rectify them. Ritsema/Karcher: Going: not-yet acquiring indeed. Cleary (2): If you go on you will not attain anything. Wu: He will have nothing to gain by attending to them.
Legge: Line four is magnetic in a magnetic place, which intensifies passivity. Hence the caution about going forward.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: Indulgence of decay leads to regret.
Wing: The situation has been less than harmonious for quite some time, yet this condition of discord has been tolerated. Under these circumstances things will continue to degenerate.
Editor: Line four doesn't lend itself to the usual gender symbolism. The image is one of passive and permissive tolerance of error. To allow things to continue under these conditions will ensure that they get worse. The line can sometimes refer to a state of complacent ignorance of the true situation. If your assumptions are incorrect in the first place, then your query is by definition inappropriate: re-think the question to discover the error.
Psychic inertia is also evident in our resistance to any form of change in conditioned patterns, no matter how promising or favorable it may be. Any psychoanalyst knows from dealing with "resistance" that every basic psychological change entails a deathlike experience for the ego. New possibilities produce so much anxiety that the most destructive past adaptations seem safer and inspire more confidence. E. C. Whitmont -- The Symbolic Quest
A. Passive indulgence in an old weakness leads to failure.
B. You think things are OK, but they're not: rectify a past error.
C. "A stitch in time saves nine."
Line 5
Legge: The fifth line, magnetic, shows a son dealing with the troubles caused by his father. He obtains the praise of using the fit instrument for his work.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Setting right what has been spoiled by the father. One meets with praise.
Blofeld: Assuming responsibility for the mistakes of our fathers will win us praise.
Liu: Correcting the mistakes of the father leads to recognition.
Ritsema/Karcher: Managing the father's Corrupting. Availing- of praise.
Shaughnessy: The stem father's branch; use a cart.
Cleary (1): Correcting the degeneracy of the father, using praise.
Cleary (2): Dealing with the degeneration of the father, the action is praised.
Wu: He attends to the affairs of his father. He has reputation at his disposal.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: He is responded to by the second line with all of his virtue. Wilhelm/Baynes: He receives him in virtue. Blofeld: Because to take them upon ourselves is a virtue. Ritsema/Karcher: Receiving uses actualizing-tao indeed. [Actualize-tao: Ability to follow the course traced by the ongoing process of the cosmos ... Linked with acquire, TE: acquiring that which makes a being become what it is meant to be.]Cleary (2): Because one takes up after him with virtue. Wu: He succeeds with virtue.
Legge: The magnetic fifth line is the seat of the ruler, but its proper correlate is the dynamic second line -- the strong minister to whom the work of the hexagram is delegated.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: With the assistance of able helpers, the man reverses the process of decay of former times. He is praised for it.
Wing: You are in a position to assume the responsibility for a long-needed reform. Do it. Those around you will be supportive of your efforts and you will be honored with praise and recognition.
Editor: Line five does not lend itself to the usual gender symbolism. The dynamic second line deals with feelings (the mother), and the magnetic fifth line deals with thoughts or conscious attitudes (the father). The Confucian commentary describes these correlate lines as uniting to attain symmetry. Ritsema/Karcher translate this as facilitating the unfolding of essence (tao). This suggests an overall rectification of thoughts and feelings to attain balance. The other translations emphasize that one obtains recognition and praise for this, suggesting a major accomplishment in the development of the Work.
Inasmuch as ordering activity and emotional receptivity are felt as belonging to the masculine and feminine principles respectively, the first life contacts with father and mother set the basic patterns for the development of our assertiveness and our feeling. When there are problems in these areas they must be confronted and consciously re-examined in terms of these original encounters before a further development can become possible. E. C. Whitmont -- The Symbolic Quest
A. Put some thought into your feelings, or: bring compassion into your thinking.
B. Rectify your thoughts and feelings: revise a limiting belief.
Line 6
Legge: The sixth line, dynamic, shows us one who does not serve either king or feudal lord, but in a lofty spirit prefers to attend to his own affairs.
Wilhelm/Baynes: He does not serve kings and princes, sets himself higher goals.
Blofeld: He does not serve the King or the nobles -- what he does is even loftier than that. [In other words, if we directly serve the will of heaven; by doing so we act as sages who may safely do whatever they feel is worth doing.]
Liu: By not serving kings and princes, one gains higher recognition.
Ritsema/Karcher: Not affairs, kingly feudatories. Honoring highness: one's affair.
Shaughnessy: Not serving king or lord, but highly elevating his virtue; inauspicious.
Cleary (1): Not serving kings and lords, one makes one’s concerns loftier.
Wu: He does not engage himself in the affairs of kings or princes. He keeps a lofty lifestyle of his own.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: But his aim may be a model to others. Wilhelm/Baynes: Such an attitude may be taken as a model. Blofeld: This indicates that our own will can be our law. [provided we are acting from the highest motives.] Ritsema/Karcher: Purpose permitted by-consequence indeed.
Cleary (2): One’s will can serve as a model. Wu: His aspiration will be admired.
Legge: Line six is dynamic, with no proper correlate below. Hence it suggests the idea of one outside the sphere of action who takes no part in public affairs, but cultivates himself instead.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: The man does not serve his lord, but lets the world go by and cultivates his own character in solitude. In so doing, however, he creates something valuable for the future of mankind.
Wing: It is possible for you to transcend the entire situation. You do not have to deal with the mundane details of specific social problems. Instead, you may concern yourself with universal goals and personal or spiritual development. Caution: Viewing the world with a cynical or condescending eye, however, will distort your growth, so watch your attitudes carefully.
Editor: One of the most important precepts of the Work is a clear recognition that you can only measure your position and progress against an inner standard. The expectations and apparent achievements of others count for absolutely nothing. You aren't running a race with the world, but striving to beat your own record. One who has taken responsibility for the Work must be prepared to go where its dictates demand, despite what is considered "normal" or "proper" according to contemporary standards. Ritsema/ Karcher's translation of the Confucian commentary ("Purpose permitted by-consequence indeed"), means that one's determination to go it alone is mandated by a deep inner principle. That such an idea occurs in the hexagram of Repair suggests bolstering one's resolve to accept this lonely burden. Blofeld's version of the Confucian commentary ("This indicates that our own will can be our law") is too easily perverted, even with his cautionary note.
Indeed the Gnostics knew something, and it was this: that human life does not fulfill its promise within the structure and establishments of society, for all of these are at best but shadowy projections of another and more fundamental reality. No one comes to his true selfhood by being what society wants him to be nor by doing what it wants him to do. Family, society, church, trade and profession, political and patriotic allegiances, as well as moral and ethical rules and commandments are, in reality, not in the least conducive to the true spiritual welfare of the human soul. On the contrary, they are more often than not the very shackles which keep us from our true spiritual destiny. S. A. Hoeller -- The Gnostic Jung
A. Your duty is to serve a transcendent ideal.
B. "Mind your own business."
47 Oppression
Autres titres : Épuisement, Le Symbole de la Répression et de l'Enfermement, Adversité, Lassitude, Confinement, Enchevêtré, Difficulté, Dépression, Restriction Fatigante, Asséché, "Les actions parlent plus fort que les mots." -- D.F. Hook
Jugement
Legge : Oppression signifie que le progrès réussi est encore possible. La persévérance du véritable grand homme apporte la bonne fortune sans erreur ; mais s'il se fie aux mots, personne ne les croira.
Wilhelm/Baynes : Oppression. Succès. Persévérance. Le grand homme apporte la bonne fortune. Pas de blâme. Quand on a quelque chose à dire, on ne le croit pas.
Blofeld :Adversité menant au succès grâce à la persistance dans une voie juste ; bonne fortune pour le véritable grand et absence d'erreur ! Bien que des mots soient prononcés, ils n'inspireront pas confiance. [`Grand' se réfère à des qualités morales élevées. Cet hexagramme est de mauvais augure pour la plupart des gens, mais le succès peut être remporté grâce à une persistance énorme à faire ce qui est juste.]
Liu : Oppression. Succès. Persistance. Bonne fortune pour le grand homme. Pas de blâme. Si l'on indique seulement par des mots, personne ne croira.
Ritsema/Karcher :Confinement, Croissance. Épreuve : Grandes Personnes significatives. Sans faute. Possédant des mots non dignes de confiance. [Cet hexagramme décrit votre situation en termes de restriction et de détresse. Il souligne que se tourner vers l'intérieur en acceptant l'enfermement est la manière adéquate de le gérer...]
Shaughnessy : Enchevêtré : Réception ; détermination pour le grand homme est de bon augure ; il n'y a pas de problème. Il y a des mots qui ne sont pas dignes de confiance.
Cleary (1) : Épuisement développe le juste. Les grandes personnes sont chanceuses et sans reproche. Si l'on se plaint, on ne sera pas cru.
Cleary (2) : Épuisé mais réussissant, les grandes personnes droites sont chanceuses et impeccables. Les simples mots ne sont pas crus.
Wu : Difficulté indique la pénétration et la persévérance. Il y aura de la bonne fortune pour les grands hommes. Pas d'erreur. Mais leurs mots ne font pas impression sur les gens.
L'Image
Legge : Un abîme sous la marécage qui draine son eau -- l'image de Oppression. Ainsi l'homme supérieur sacrifiera sa vie pour atteindre son but.
Wilhelm/Baynes : Il n'y a pas d'eau dans le lac : l'image de Épuisement. Ainsi l'homme supérieur mise sa vie sur le suivi de sa volonté.
Blofeld : Cet hexagramme symbolise un marécage dans lequel aucune eau (n'apparaît). L'Homme Supérieur risque sa vie pour réaliser sa volonté.
Liu : Le lac sans eau symbolise Oppression. L'homme supérieur donnerait sa vie pour atteindre son but.
Ritsema/Karcher : Marécage sans ruisseau. Confinement. Un chun tzu utilise le destin pour libérer le but.
Cleary (1) : Un lac sans eau est épuisé. Par conséquent, les personnes supérieures utilisent la vie à fond et atteignent leur but. [Quand les gens manquent de but, leur chemin est à sa fin. Par conséquent, ils utilisent la vie à fond pour atteindre leur but… Utiliser la vie à fond signifie atteindre la fin de la vie conditionnée ; atteindre son but signifie atteindre la vie primordiale… Utiliser le temporel pour restaurer le primordial, mettre fin à la fausse vie et établir la vraie vie, produire l'être au milieu du néant, chercher la vie dans la mort, traverser une impasse épuisante, c'est comme un lac sans eau à nouveau rempli d'eau.]
Cleary (2) : …Les personnes développées accomplissent leur volonté en vivant leur destin. [Les personnes développées ne vivent que leur destin ; elles n'essaient pas volontairement d'éviter de le suivre et de l'accepter. Étant fortes et équilibrées, elles peuvent être joyeuses même en danger ; c'est la volonté qui dépend de soi. Les personnes développées ont l'intention d'accomplir leur volonté et ne vacillent pas simplement parce qu'elles rencontrent des problèmes.]
Wu : Le marécage n'a pas d'eau ; c'est Difficulté. Ainsi le jun zi est prêt à consacrer sa vie pour remplir ses engagements. [Un marécage dépourvu d'eau est comme un homme privé de ses poursuites intellectuelles. Cela est inacceptable pour un jun zi. Il préférerait se battre jusqu'à la fin plutôt que de se rendre à l'idiotie.]
COMMENTAIRE
Confucius/Legge : Dans Oppression nous voyons les lignes dynamiques couvertes et obscurcies par le magnétique. Nous voyons l'attribut de Péril dans le trigramme inférieur allant vers la Joie dans le supérieur. Qui d'autre que l'homme supérieur est encore capable d'avancer bien que resserré par les circonstances ? La position centrale des lignes dynamiques explique la bonne fortune du grand homme qui est ferme et correct. En ce qui concerne les discours, être friand d'argumentation ou de persuasion est la voie pour être réduit à l'extrémité.
Legge : Le caractère chinois écrit de Oppression nous présente l'image d'un arbre dans un enclos. "Une plante," selon Williams, "se fanant par manque d'espace." "Un arbre," selon T'ai Tung, "ne pouvant étendre ses branches." L'image transmet l'idée d'être resserré et en détresse, et l'hexagramme indique comment une gestion habile peut le soulager.
Les deux places centrales dans la figure sont occupées par des lignes dynamiques, mais la ligne deux est confinée entre une et trois, qui sont magnétiques ; et la ligne cinq (le dirigeant), ainsi que quatre (son ministre), sont couvertes par la ligne magnétique six. Ces conditions indiquent la répression des bons hommes par l'adversité. Les éditeurs de K'ang-hsi impliquent que "les actions et non les mots" sont ce qui est requis dans le cas.
Le Péril est l'attribut du trigramme inférieur, et la Joie celui du supérieur. L'homme supérieur, peu importe à quel point il est resserré, reste maître de lui-même, et poursuit son intention de principe. L'idée de faire des discours se trouve dans le trigramme supérieur, dont l'un des attributs est la bouche, ou la parole, ainsi que la Satisfaction Plaisante. Le plaidoyer de la partie opprimée essaie encore de plaire aux autres.
Littéralement traduit, la première phrase de l'Image dit : "Un marécage sans eau est Oppression." Chu Hsi dit : "L'eau descendant et fuyant, le marécage au-dessus deviendra sec."
Anthony : Notre croyance dans le pouvoir dirigeant comme bénéfique est ébranlée par le doute. Ce manque de fermeté est un problème car il obstrue l'acceptation et son pouvoir correctif. Nous recevons souvent cet hexagramme lorsque nous nous sentons fatigués. L'oppression du doute épuise nos ressources intérieures.
NOTES ET PARAPHRASES
Jugement : Avec suffisamment de volonté, le succès peut être remporté. "Les actions parlent plus fort que les mots." (c'est-à-dire, la réponse se trouve au-delà du domaine de la raison et de la logique -- l'intuition favorise.)
L'Homme Supérieur mise tout ce qu'il a sur sa volonté de réussir.
Dans Oppression nous avons l'image d'un lit de lac asséché. Quiconque a déjà vu des plaines alcalines dans le désert peut facilement comprendre cette métaphore pour Oppression -- presque rien ne peut vivre dans un tel environnement. L'hexagramme suivant, Le Puits, est une image inversée de Oppression dépeignant le cas opposé d'une source inépuisable de nourriture coulant profondément sous la surface de la terre. (Une comparaison de ces deux figures révélera beaucoup sur la signification de chacune.)
Être sous Oppression alors, c'est être coupé de toute subsistance -- bien qu'il y ait de l'eau en dessous, elle est actuellement inaccessible, et il n'y a pas de flux nourrissant de forces intérieures à la surface. C'est une expérience commune, inévitable et potentiellement dévastatrice pour quiconque fait un travail intérieur sérieux :
Les personnes qui essaient de pratiquer le Tao peuvent toutes rester fermes lorsqu'elles sont dans des circonstances faciles, mais beaucoup d'entre elles vacillent dans leur détermination lorsqu'elles sont dans des situations difficiles ou périlleuses. Elles peuvent changer d'avis à cause des pressions de gagner leur vie, ou elles peuvent relâcher leur détermination en raison de la maladie ; leur esprit peut faiblir à cause de la vieillesse, ou elles peuvent arrêter de travailler à cause de l'obstruction par une obsession. Tous ces cas sont ceux où les gens n'exercent pas l'esprit du Tao et sont entravés par l'épuisement, donc ils n'atteignent finalement pas le Tao. T. Cleary – Le Taoïste I Ching
Évidemment, c'est une situation dangereuse, et on nous dit comment y faire face dans le commentaire confucéen, où il est observé que le trigramme inférieur de Péril passe au trigramme supérieur de Joie. Ces deux trigrammes se trouvent dans une séquence inversée dans l'hexagramme numéro soixante, Régulations Restrictives, où une attitude joyeuse est décrite comme absolument essentielle pour favoriser le Travail. Les observations faites là s'appliquent également ici, et nous voyons l'homme supérieur ainsi capable d'avancer dans des conditions qui vaincraient totalement des individus moindres.
Cette Joie ne peut être sous-estimée. Lorsqu'elle vient naturellement et n'est pas forcée, c'est un don de grâce. Soudain, on est capable de faire face aux difficultés les plus incroyables avec un cœur léger. Ce n'est pas que vous ne vous en souciez plus -- vous faites toujours de votre mieux pour favoriser le Travail, mais vous le faites avec un détachement amusé.
La seule chose que les mystiques juifs n'ont jamais perdue de vue était la souffrance vécue dans l'arène du profane. Ils ne se sont pas retirés de cette souffrance, mais ont cherché à y trouver un sens en la vivant. C'est le cœur du mysticisme. Le temple dans lequel le mariage sacré a lieu est le monde. C. Ponce -- Kabbalah
Les lignes 2 et 5 mentionnent spécifiquement le sacrifice : un concept important dans le I Ching. Le sacrifice est mentionné dans les lignes 17:6, 45:2, 46:2, 46:4, 47:2, 47:5, 63:5, et dans le Jugement de l'hexagramme 20. Notez que dans chaque cas, la sincérité est spécifiquement citée comme essentielle au succès.
Sincère 1 : marqué par la sincérité : comme a : libre de dissimulation : non hypocrite : RÉEL, VRAI, HONNÊTE...
Très souvent, la "sincérité" de nos sacrifices implique de suivre les dictats du Travail que nous les comprenions pleinement ou non. Beaucoup de choses qui se passent dans le Travail sont incompréhensibles pour la conscience de l'ego ; par exemple, des changements se produisent souvent dans le psyché que nous ne vivons que comme des rêves étranges. Pourtant, d'une manière ou d'une autre, peut-être des mois plus tard, nous réalisons soudain que nous n'agissons plus d'une certaine manière ou que nous avons perdu l'intérêt pour quelque chose qui était autrefois d'une importance impérieuse. Nos sacrifices sont nécessaires pour que ces changements aient lieu, même s'ils ne nous semblent pas immédiatement logiques.
"Avec le sacrifice, tu nourriras les dieux ; et que les dieux te nourrissent. Ainsi, en vous nourrissant mutuellement, vous obtiendrez le Bien Suprême. "Les dieux, nourris par le sacrifice, te donneront les jouissances que tu désires." Il est vraiment un voleur celui qui jouit des choses qu'ils donnent sans leur offrir quoi que ce soit en retour. La Bhagavad-Gita
Chacun des commentaires taoïstes (1) et bouddhistes (2) de Cleary fournit des aperçus précieux sur le courage requis pour suivre les dictats du Travail à ses niveaux les plus avancés. Prenez réconfort que d'autres avant vous ont persévéré et survécu : "Les personnes développées accomplissent leur volonté en vivant leur destin."