Simplification
Quand on veut finir vite, on se passe de l'accessoire. taoscopy.com
Réparation18
Aborder les problèmes ; réparer ce qui a été négligé. Assumer la responsabilité de restaurer et d'améliorer.
↓ Line 1
Corriger les erreurs du passé peut être difficile, mais la persévérance mène au succès.
↓ Line 2
Aborder les problèmes nécessite une approche douce ; une force excessive peut être contre-productive.
↓ Grâce22
Le raffinement et la grâce rehaussent votre présence. Concentrez-vous sur la beauté et l'élégance dans vos actions, mais ne laissez pas l'apparence éclipser la substance. La simplicité détient souvent la véritable valeur.
18 Réparation
Other titles: Work On What Has Been Spoiled, The Symbol of Destruction, Decay, Arresting of Decay, Work after Spoiling, Fixing, Rectifying, Corrupting, Branch, Degeneration, Misdeeds "Can refer to heredity and psychological traits.” -- D. F. Hook
Judgment
Legge: Successful progress is indicated for those who properly repair what has been spoiled. It is advantageous to cross the great stream. One should consider carefully the events three days before the turning point and the tasks remaining for three days afterward.
Wilhelm/Baynes:Work On What Has Been Spoiled has supreme success. It furthers one to cross the great water. Before the starting point, three days. After the starting point, three days.
Blofeld:Decay augurs sublime success and the advantage of crossing the great river (or sea). [I.e. of going on a journey or of going forward with one's plans.] What has happened once will surely happen again (literally, "three days before the commencement; three days after the commencement"). [It would have been hard to make sense of these words, were it not that the Confucian Commentary on the Text clearly explains them; hence the liberty I have taken with the Text.]
Liu: Work after spoiling. Great success. It is of benefit to cross the great water. Before starting, three days. After starting, three days. [This hexagram implies that, although conditions are bad now, improvement can be expected.]
Ritsema/Karcher: Corrupting, Spring Growing. Harvesting: wading the Great River. Before seedburst three days, after seedburst three days. [This hexagram describes your situation in terms of disorder, perversion and putrefaction. It emphasizes that letting things rot away so they become obsolete is the adequate way to handle it...]
Shaughnessy: Branch: Prime auspiciousness; receipt. Beneficial to ford the great river; preceding jia by three days, following jia by three days.
Cleary (1): Correcting degeneration is greatly developmental. It is beneficial to cross great rivers. Three days before the start, three days after the start. [The way to correct degeneracy is not in empty tranquility without action; it is necessary to work in the midst of great danger and difficulty, to act in the dragon’s pool and the tiger’s lair. Only then can one restore one’s original being, cultivating it into something indestructible.]
Cleary (2): From degeneration comes great development, etc.
Wu: Misdeeds is great and pervasive. It will be advantageous to cross the big river. It would be advisable to begin an undertaking three days before Jia and examine the ongoing progress three days thereafter.
The Image
Legge: The image of wind below the mountain forms Repair. The superior man, in accordance with this, stimulates the virtue of the people.
Wilhelm/Baynes: The wind blows low on the mountain: the image of Decay. Thus the superior man stirs up the people and strengthens their spirit.
Blofeld: This hexagram symbolizes wind blowing at the foot of a mountain. The Superior Man, by stimulating people's hearts, nourishes their virtue.
Liu: Wind blowing around the foot of the mountain symbolizes Work after Spoiling. The superior man encourages people to cultivate virtue.
Ritsema/Karcher: Below mountain possessing wind. Corrupting. A chun tzu uses rousing the commoners to nurture actualizing-tao. [Actualize-tao: ...ability to follow the course traced by the ongoing process of the cosmos... Linked with acquire, TE: acquiring that which makes a being become what it is meant to be.]
Cleary (1): There is wind in the mountains; degeneration. Thus superior people rouse the people and nurture virtue.
Cleary (2): … Leaders thus arouse the people to nurture virtue.
Wu: There is wind at the foot of the mountain; this is Misdeeds. Thus the jun zi arouses the people and nurtures his own virtue.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: The dynamic trigram is above, and the magnetic trigram is below. Pliancy is below, and Stopping above: these suggest troubled conditions verging on ruin. But Repair brings order to all under heaven, and he who advances will encounter the business to be done. The end of confusion is the beginning of order; such is the procedure of heaven.
Legge: Repair means the performance of painful but necessary duties. It shows a situation in which things are going to ruin, as if through poison or venomous worms. In order to justify the auspice of progress and success, the duty of the figure is to rectify this and restore conditions to health. This will require a major effort, such as crossing the great stream, and the careful differentiation of the causes of the problem, as well as the measures taken to fix it. The attribute of the lower trigram is Pliancy, and the upper represents Stoppage or Arrest. Hence, the feeble pliancy of decadence is stopped cold by the immovable mountain. The three days before and after the turning point symbolize the careful attention and differentiation necessary for any rectification to succeed.
On the Image, Ch'eng-tzu says: "When the wind encounters the mountain, it is driven back, and the things about are all scattered in disorder; such is the emblem of the state denoted by Repair." The nourishing of virtue appears especially in line six -- all the other lines belong to the helping of the people.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Judgment:Repair means to set your house in order. Analyze your choices before the renovation and evaluate their consequences afterward.
The Superior Man orders his thoughts and feelings, reforms old attitudes, and strengthens his will. (Psychologically, to "stimulate the virtue of the people" (Legge) is to rectify the components of a complex.)
To imagine any truly objective state of perception we must include all that exists: the entire cosmos. Each differentiation of this, from atom to galaxy, is one slice out of an infinite whole. As a portion of the entirety, we are always linked with our ancestors in an infinite web of relationships which includes our family history, our racial-cultural-historical heritage and Homo sapiens as a species. Though seldom aware of them, it is useful to remember these links. Emanating from an unfathomable complexity, their karmically-charged morphogenetic fields are constantly shaping our lives. It follows that, although we perceive ourselves as separate from our ancestors, the separation is a subjective experience which is true only in a temporally limited sense.
Every line of Repair, except two and six, shows a son dealing with the troubles caused by his father. This reminds us of the biblical curse:
For I the Lord thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me. Exodus 20: 5
The father archetype has a wide range of meanings: this extends from the Primal Spirit ("God the Father"), to a prior cause or intent in the psyche which has engendered a present condition. Psychologically interpreted, it is this latter reading which usually applies. If a "father" symbolizes the cause, then a "son" is the effect. If the effect is imperfect, then to rectify it is also to rectify the original intent.
To a large extent our lives consist of well-intentioned but misguided choices which create less than perfect consequences. To modify our attitude or behavior so that it corrects errors in our original intent is to "deal with the troubles caused by the father."
For example: In a misconceived expression of affection, a parent allows his child unrestricted access to candy. As a consequence of this choice, the kid's teeth become rotten, and the only logical way to correct the original error is to now curtail his intake of sugar. The fact that this new choice will create stress in the relationship between parent and child is just a consequence of the original choice and has no bearing at all on what is correct in the situation.
In some situations this hexagram may be interpreted as a response to a karmic chain of cause and effect:
To harmonize with the Wisdom Teachings, the scripture should read that the karma of the "father" is visited upon the "child" unto the fourth incarnation, not generation. The mistakes you made in the last four incarnations may be visited upon you in the form of karma flowing out of the heart seed atom in the present incarnation. Thus what you "fathered," or created, in your last incarnation may be the source ("parent") of your karma today. You are a child of that parent today. You have inherited from that parent -- the you of the past, not your physical parents -- all of your characteristics, weaknesses and strengths. Earlyne Chaney -- The Mystery of Death and Dying
The interpretation of any oracle response can only be as profound as our minds are prepared to accept. As moderns we find it difficult to empathize with "ancestor worship," yet properly understood, it can provide useful insights into the Work. In the unconscious realm all time is immediate, not sequential, and the Objective Psyche consists of a non- temporal web of forces shading from personal to universal. This means that if we have a complex engendered in us by our father, for example, we can reasonably assume that he was passing on what he received from his own parents. In this way, the unresolved complexes of the ancestors shape our own personalities: they live in and through us right now, even if they had their birth in forefathers long forgotten. This is a kind of near-immortality: individuals may die, but beliefs, attitudes, complexes live as long as they have receptive vessels to inhabit. (This is probably the engine of karma.) To the extent that an ancestral chain of causality still motivates our choices, we are totally responsible for "setting right what has been spoiled by the father."
SUGGESTIONS FOR MEDITATION
Most people have some level of unfinished business with their parents: psychologists would have little to do if this weren't true. It can be a healing ritual to set up an altar to a deceased parent and meditate there on the stresses that still remain between you. To approach the situation without judgment, to realize (non-logically) that forces pre-existing you provoked the condition as much as your parent did, will elicit much insight. Be especially aware of the presence of the past and the illusion of linear time. (Is it possible somehow to be your own great-grandfather?) Ancestor “worship” of this sort can be profoundly therapeutic.
Line 1
Legge: The first line, magnetic, shows a son dealing with the troubles caused by his father. If he is an able son, the father will escape the blame of having erred. The position is perilous, but there will be good fortune in the end.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Setting right what has been spoiled by the father. If there is a son, no blame rests upon the departed father. Danger. In the end good fortune.
Blofeld: Children exist to rectify the mistakes wrought by their fathers; hence the departed are made free from blame -- trouble ending in good fortune!
Liu: If the mistakes of the father are corrected by the son, no blame. There is danger, but in the end, good fortune.
Ritsema/Karcher: Managing the father's Corrupting. Possessing son-hood. Predecessors without fault. Adversity, completing significant.
Shaughnessy: The stem father's branch; there is a son crafty; there is no trouble; danger; in the end auspicious.
Cleary (1): Correcting the father’s degeneracy; if there is a son, the deceased father is without blame. Danger, but in the end it turns out well.
Cleary (2): Dealing with the degeneration of the father, if there is a child, the late father has no blame. It is dangerous but turns out well.
Wu: He attends to the affairs of his father. He is a capable son. His father will be free from blame. It is a difficult task, but it will be good in the end.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: He has entered into the work of his father. Wilhelm/ Baynes: He receives in his thoughts the deceased father. Blofeld: This implies assuming responsibility for their mistakes. Ritsema/Karcher: Intention receiving the predecessors indeed. Cleary (2): Consciously taking up after the late father. Wu: He intends to continue his father’s business.
Legge: Line one is magnetic, with a magnetic correlate in line four -- what can be done here to remedy the state of decay? But the line is the first of the hexagram, and the decay is not yet great. By heeding the cautions of the text, he can succeed. He has entered into the work of his father, and brings it about that his father is looked on as blameless.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: At the outset, wrongs have arisen which are not yet deeply rooted and can be remedied. But reforms are associated with dangers, which should be understood.
Wing: In order to avoid decay, it is necessary to change a traditional and rigid structure that is affecting your life. You may feel that this is too radical an undertaking. It is true that this kind of change is fraught with danger, but if you are cautious while making the reform you will meet with success and renewed growth.
Editor: This line doesn't lend itself to use of the usual gender symbolism. Wilhelm translates the Confucian commentary in terms of receiving the departed father in one's thoughts; Blofeld renders it as taking responsibility for the father's errors. Ritsema/Karcher render "adversity” as: “Danger, threatening, malevolent demon ... It indicates a spirit or ghost that seeks revenge by inflicting suffering upon the living. Pacifying or exorcizing such a spirit can have a healing effect.” This can refer to any unresolved stresses creating instability in the situation. Psychologically, the idea is that new insights modify old errors. If they are formulated carefully, further error is avoided and one has created a useful new foundation. Sometimes the line can refer to having misinterpreted a previous oracle.
Lord Naoshige said, "An ancestor's good or evil can be determined by the conduct of his descendants." A descendant should act in a way that will manifest the good in his ancestor and not the bad. This is filial piety. Yamamoto Tsunetomo --The Book of the Samurai
A. Rectify a past mistake.
Line 2
Legge: The second line, dynamic, shows a son dealing with the troubles caused by his mother. He should not carry his firm correctness to the utmost.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Setting right what has been spoiled by the mother. One must not be too persevering.
Blofeld: Assuming responsibility for the mistakes of our mothers cannot be too serious.
Liu: In correcting the mistakes of the mother, one must not be too persistent.
Ritsema/Karcher: Managing the mother's Corrupting. Not permitting Trial.
Shaughnessy: The stem mother's branch; one may not determine.
Cleary (1): Correcting the degeneracy of the mother, it is improper to be righteous.
Wu: He attends to the affairs of his mother. He should not be insistent.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: In dealing with the troubles caused by his mother he holds to the course of the due mean. Wilhelm/Baynes: He finds the middle way. Blofeld: At best a middle course is advisable. Ritsema/Karcher: Acquiring centering tao indeed. Cleary (2): attaining balance. Wu: He proceeds with moderation.
Legge: The fifth line ruler is magnetic, while line two is dynamic. Thus the symbolism takes the form of a son dealing with the prevailing decay induced by his mother. But a son must be very gentle in all his dealings with his mother, and especially so when constrained by a sense of duty to oppose her course.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: The man is gentle in dealing with his mother, even when duty bound to oppose her. When restoring what has been spoiled by weakness, gradualness is required.
Wing: You have become aware of past mistakes that must be rectified. Here you must proceed with great sensitivity, since the changes in your life could hurt those dear to you.
Editor: In psychological symbolism, a female represents emotional or feeling components within the psyche. A "mother" then, would be the source of an emotional attitude which, in the context of this hexagram, needs to be modified or changed. In correcting outmoded or inappropriate feelings one must proceed with care because emotional/instinctual forces cannot be altered as quickly as we can change our minds. (It is a commonplace in psychology that mental insights mean nothing if the emotions involved refuse to conform.) Often the line can refer to the proper way of responding to another's sensitive mood or attitude.
As in childhood development, which recapitulates human historical development in consciousness, the psychic detachment from the mother towards the father is intimately bound up with the growth of individuality. Consciousness strives to become separate from the maternal involvement, and aspires toward the outside world represented by the father. Gareth Knight -- A History of White Magic
A. Rectify an emotional response. Control your feelings, but don't crush them.
B. Be sensitive in the way you handle an emotional situation.
22 Grâce
Autres titres : Grâce, Le Symbole de la Décoration, Élégance, Gracilité, Luxuriance, Ornement, Image Publique, Parure, Beauté, Vanité, Fard, Façade, Manières, Embellissement, Superficialité, Apparences Superficielles, Forme vs. Fonction, "Art," Ego-trips, "Se réfère souvent à la vanité, la beauté ou la grâce. Il souligne que le contenu est plus important que l'apparence extérieure." -- D.F. Hook
Jugement
Legge: Persona doit être reconnue à sa juste valeur, mais il n'est pas avantageux de la laisser avancer et prendre la tête.
Wilhelm/Baynes:Grâce a du succès. Dans les petites affaires, il est favorable d'entreprendre quelque chose.
Blofeld: Élégance. Succès ! Un petit avantage peut être tiré d'avoir un objectif particulier (ou une destination). [L'implication est que l'avantage n'est pas suffisant pour justifier la recherche de cet objectif ou destination à moins qu'aucune difficulté ou inconvénient particulier ne soit impliqué. L'arrangement des lignes dans cet hexagramme est très similaire à celui du précédent, mais il est jugé beaucoup plus approprié. L'idée générale est que, comme la nature, nous devrions nous conformer à un modèle de comportement régulier et bien ordonné qui, puisque nous sommes des êtres humains et non de simples animaux, implique un haut degré de raffinement. Du point de vue de la divination, il semblerait que c'est un moment pour observer attentivement afin d'apprendre comment ceux impliqués dans la situation pensent et se comportent, pour mieux les influencer pour le bien lorsque l'occasion se présente.]
Liu:Gracilité, succès. Les petites entreprises bénéficient.
Ritsema/Karcher: Ornement, Croissance. Le petit, Récolte : posséder une direction. [Cet hexagramme décrit votre situation en termes de sa présentation extérieure. Il souligne que construire une valeur intrinsèque en embellissant l'apparence et en affichant de la vaillance est la manière adéquate de la gérer...]
Shaughnessy: Luxuriance : Réception ; un peu bénéfique d'avoir un endroit où aller.
Cleary (1):Ornement est développemental. Il est bénéfique d'aller quelque part de manière minimale.
Cleary (2):Ornement est réussi. Il est bénéfique d'aller quelque part de manière modeste.
Wu:Ornement est omniprésent et montre un petit avantage d'une entreprise. [Ornement ne change pas la nature de ce qu'il orne, mais rend simplement ce qu'il orne plus attrayant. En d'autres termes, le changement est principalement superficiel mais non substantiel…]
L'Image
Legge: Feu au pied de la montagne -- l'image de Persona. Ainsi l'homme supérieur orne sa règle avec grâce, mais prend des décisions importantes en conformité avec des lois supérieures.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Feu au pied de la montagne : l'image de Grâce. Ainsi procède l'homme supérieur lorsqu'il clarifie les affaires courantes. Mais il n'ose pas décider des questions controversées de cette manière.
Blofeld: Cet hexagramme symbolise le feu au pied d'une montagne. L'Homme Supérieur, désireux d'assurer le bon fonctionnement des divers départements de l'État, n'ose pas prendre de décisions légères concernant les affaires légales. [Les trigrammes composants, feu sous la montagne, suggèrent une brillance qui ne peut être perçue de loin. Les commentateurs chinois suggèrent que cela symbolise un extérieur ferme et quelque peu sévère qui cache la brillance et la beauté intérieure. Pour les besoins de la divination, cela devrait être pris comme un modèle pour notre comportement dans la question en jeu.]
Liu: Le feu illumine la base de la montagne symbolisant la Gracilité. Ainsi l'homme supérieur clarifie les affaires ordinaires, mais ne juge pas les procès.
Ritsema/Karcher: Sous la montagne possédant le feu. Ornement. Un chun tzu utilise l'éclaircissement des normes multiples sans oser trancher les litiges.
Cleary (1): Il y a du feu sous la montagne, ornant celle-ci. Ainsi les personnes supérieures clarifient les affaires gouvernementales, sans jugement présomptueux. [Ce que les personnes supérieures voient dans cela, c'est que tout comme la lumière d'un feu sous une montagne n'est pas grande, lorsque les gens manquent de capacité, leur vision n'est pas lointaine ; par conséquent, les personnes supérieures administrent et clarifient les simples affaires gouvernementales, et n'agissent pas présomptueusement dans les affaires difficiles de jugement… Ne pas juger présomptueusement a ainsi le sens de respect pour la vie.]
Wu: Il y a du feu au pied de la montagne ; c'est Ornement. Le jun zi apporte de l'ouverture à l'administration des affaires civiles, mais s'abstient de juger les affaires en litige criminel.
COMMENTAIRE
Confucius/Legge: Dans Persona nous voyons la ligne magnétique centrale orner les lignes dynamiques du trigramme inférieur, et c'est pourquoi on dit que l'ornement doit avoir libre cours. D'autre part, la ligne dynamique supérieure orne les lignes magnétiques du trigramme supérieur, et c'est pourquoi on dit qu'il y aura peu d'avantage si l'ornement est autorisé à avancer et prendre la tête. L'élégance et l'intelligence du trigramme inférieur sont régulées par la retenue du trigramme supérieur. Cela suggère les observances qui ornent la société humaine. Nous observons les figures ornementales du ciel, et par là nous déterminons les changements des saisons. Nous observons les coutumes cérémonielles de la société, et comprenons comment la transformation est accomplie dans le monde.
Legge: Persona est le symbole de ce qui est ornemental et de l'acte d'orner. Comme il y a de l'ornement dans la nature, il devrait y en avoir dans la société, mais sa place est secondaire par rapport à ce qui est substantiel.
Les éditeurs de K'ang-hsi disent que la ligne magnétique venant orner les deux lignes dynamiques dans le trigramme inférieur montre comment la substantialité devrait bénéficier de l'ornementation. La ligne dynamique ornant les deux lignes magnétiques dans le trigramme supérieur montre comment l'ornementation devrait être restreinte par la substantialité. L'ornement a son utilité, mais il doit être contrôlé.
Les figures du ciel sont tous les corps célestes dans leurs positions relatives et divers mouvements, produisant le jour et la nuit, la chaleur et le froid, etc. Les observances de la société sont les cérémonies et performances qui régulent et embellissent l'interaction des hommes.
"Une montagne," dit Ch'eng-tzu, "est un endroit où l'on trouve de l'herbe, des arbres, et une centaine d'autres choses. Un feu brûlant en dessous projette sa lumière, et les met tous en beauté. Cela donne l'idée d'ornement, ou d'être orné. Les divers processus de gouvernement sont de petites affaires, et l'élégance et l'ornement aident leur cours, mais les grandes affaires de jugement exigent la simple vérité non ornée.”
NOTES ET PARAPHRASES
Jugement: Il n'y a rien de mal à montrer un peu de style, mais ne vous identifiez pas tellement à un rôle qu'il prenne vos décisions à votre place.
L'Homme Supérieur affiche de l'esprit et du charme lorsque cela est approprié, mais s'appuie sur un discernement avisé lorsqu'il fait des choix sérieux.
Confucius souligne l'attitude correcte pour cet hexagramme dans sa troisième phrase -- l'intelligence élégante, ou "esprit brillant" du trigramme inférieur est "écrasée" par la montagne du trigramme supérieur. L'esprit brillant est souvent juste un "ornement" pour paraître intelligent en compagnie des autres. Comme l'assaisonnement sur la nourriture, un peu de Persona ou d'ornementation améliore la vie, mais trop de poudre de curry submerge le repas.
La conception de Jung de la Persona souligne le fait qu'elle est un véhicule majeur pour les complexes de s'exprimer sous le couvert de l'interaction sociale :
(La Persona) n'est qu'un masque pour le psychisme collectif, un masque qui feint l'individualité, et essaie de faire croire aux autres et à soi-même que l'on est individuel, alors qu'on ne fait que jouer un rôle dans lequel le psychisme collectif s'exprime. Jung -- Les Relations entre le Moi et l'Inconscient
Pour un employé de bureau urbain de porter des vêtements de cow-boy peut être une expression légitime de sa personnalité, ou cela peut être le seul exutoire disponible pour les parties réprimées de son psychisme. Lorsqu'il commence à conduire un pick-up et à fréquenter des bars Country-Western, nous pourrions soupçonner que son rôle le joue et que le vrai Soi est masqué par une ornementation excessive ou Persona.
La personne ne peut être plus qu'un instrument pour la manifestation du soi. Mais les gens s'attachent tellement à leur masque qu'ils ne peuvent plus s'en libérer ... Ils font un roi du serviteur et se séparent de leur véritable être. Ils forcent leur soi supérieur à l'exil, dans l'inconscient. Elisabeth Haich --Initiation
Recevoir cet hexagramme sans lignes changeantes suggère que vous êtes peut-être plus concentré sur la forme que sur le sens, ou que les apparences superficielles cachent quelque chose de plus substantiel dans la situation. Regardez plus profondément – que se passe-t-il vraiment ?