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Enthousiasme16
L'inspiration alimente l'énergie ; alignez l'enthousiasme avec le but pour avancer efficacement.
↓ Line 2
La fermeté et la patience sont nécessaires. En tenant bon, le succès viendra en temps voulu.
↓ Line 4
Le véritable enthousiasme attire le soutien et conduit à de grandes réalisations. Ayez confiance en votre vision et rassemblez des alliés.
↓ Discipline7
L'alignement stratégique mène à la victoire ; la discipline et la structure garantissent le succès.
16 Enthousiasme
Other titles: The Symbol of Harmonious Joy, Repose, Happiness, Providing-for/Provision, Excess, Merriment, Self-confidence, Contentment, Harmonize, Excitement, Intemperance, Self-deception "Repose in the absolute confidence that the action now being taken is right. Also refers to music." -- D.F. Hook
Judgment
Legge: Enthusiasm indicates that feudal princes may be set up and the army advantageously mobilized.
Wilhelm/Baynes:Enthusiasm. It furthers one to install helpers and to set armies marching.
Blofeld:Repose profits those engaged in building up the country and sending forth armies. [This means that perfect certainty as to the rightness of our cause is of great value under the conditions mentioned. The usual meaning of this character is "beforehand" or "happiness." In the English translation of Wilhelm's version, it appears as "enthusiasm." "Repose" was suggested by the Chinese experts who kindly vetted this manuscript. At first I felt hesitant about adopting it, until I realized that, where it is used favorably, it must be understood as the kind of mental repose which follows absolute confidence that the action now being taken is the right one. In lines one, three and six, however, it clearly means failure to act when action is essential; in line five, failure to act owing to incapacity.]
Liu:Happiness. It is of benefit to build up the country (or business), and send the army forth. [Receivers of this hexagram should be wary of exhibiting excessive enthusiasm when beginning a new undertaking. If they are not, there will be misfortune. The hexagram also advises that everything necessary for advancement should be made ready. Then if an opportunity presents itself, it should be seized immediately, without hesitation.]
Ritsema/Karcher: Providing-for , Harvesting: installing feudatories to move legions. [This hexagram describes your situation in terms of what is needed to meet the future. It emphasizes that accumulating strength through foresight and prudence so things can be fully enjoyed is the adequate way to handle it. To be in accord with the time, you are told to: provide-for!]
Shaughnessy: Excess: Beneficial to establish a lord and to move troops.
Cleary (1):Joy. It is advantageous to set up a ruler and mobilize the army.
Wu:Merriment indicates the advantage of establishing principalities and taking military actions.
The Image
Legge: Thunder exploding out of the Earth -- the image of Enthusiasm. The ancient kings, in accordance with this, composed their music and honored virtue, offering it especially to God when they worshipped him at the service of their ancestors.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Thunder comes resounding out of the earth: the image of Enthusiasm. Thus the ancient kings made music in order to honor merit, and offered it with splendor to the Supreme Deity, inviting their ancestors to be present.
Blofeld: This hexagram symbolizes thunder over the earth. The ancient rulers venerated heaven's gifts with solemn music and they sacrificed abundantly to the Supreme Lord of Heaven in order to be worthy of their ancestors.
Liu: Thunder arising from the earth symbolizes Happiness. The ancient kings composed music to honor virtue, offering it to God and the spirits of their ancestors.
Ritsema/Karcher: Thunder issuing-forth-from earth impetuously. Providing-for. The Earlier Kings used arousing delight to extol actualizing-tao. Exalting worship's Supreme Above. Using equalizing the grandfather predecessors. [Actualize-tao:ability to follow the course traced by the ongoing process of the cosmos... Linked with acquire, TE: acquiring that which makes a being become what it is meant to be.]
Cleary (1): When thunder emerges the earth stirs: Thus did the kings of yore make music to honor virtue, offering it in abundance to God, thereby to share it with their ancestors.
Wu: Thunder breaks out above the earth with a boom; this is Merriment. Thus the ancient kings used music to praise virtuous accomplishments and made grand offerings to the Supreme Being to be accompanied by their ancestors.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: Enthusiasm shows one dynamic line inspiring responsive obedience in all the others: devoted obedience takes action. Such obedient action conforms to natural law and creates order and discipline in the people. The planets and the seasons follow their natural cycles. The sages similarly obey the laws of their nature and the people acknowledge their regulations and punishments as just.
Legge:Enthusiasm shows harmony and contentment throughout the kingdom -- a time when the people rejoice in their sovereign and readily obey him. At such a time his appointments and any military undertakings would be hailed and supported. Because he is close to the fifth place of dignity, the dynamic fourth line is seen as the chief executive officer of the ruler. The ruler has confidence in him, and all of the magnetic lines yield their obedience. Obedience is the attribute of the lower trigram which here takes the initiative and uses Movement, which is the attribute of the upper trigram.
The symbolism of the Image is more obscure than usual. The use of music at sacrifices is supposed to assist in producing the union between God and his worshippers as well as the present and past generations.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Judgment: Delegate authority and gather your forces.
The Superior Man synchronizes his will with the intent of the Self via the principles of the Work.
Enthusiasm is the reverse of the preceding hexagram of Temperance. In Temperance we saw the calm strength of a mountain concealed within the earth. In Enthusiasm we see thunder exploding out of the ground into the sky: the strength that was formerly tempered and restrained is now released. It is significant to note that while every line of Temperance is more or less "favorable,” every line of Enthusiasm is either negative or cautionary -- even the generally positive fourth line carries a hint of warning about “doubt.”
Negatively, Self-Deception (the passion of True Believers) seems to be what this hexagram is portraying. The figure often suggests a callow or deluded buoyancy -- the kind of outlook associated with romantic idealists. In its most negative aspect, Enthusiasm is Intemperance -- the exact opposite of the moderation and restraint shown in the preceding hexagram. The behavior of an untrained Great Dane puppy suddenly bursting into a formal dinner party could be described as "enthusiasm,” but hardly a desirable form thereof. The lower trigram of Obedient Devotion has suddenly employed the action and energy of the upper trigram of Thunderous Shock to express itself. This is inconsistent with the code of the superior man.
Conversely, in its most positive sense, Enthusiasm suggests the surety of total self-confidence. Blofeld translates this as Repose, explaining that the name was suggested to him by his Chinese advisors. We begin to understand this subtle distinction when we compare the seemingly obscure connection with music in the Image with a passage from Chuang- tse:
He who understands the music of heaven lives in accordance with nature in his life and takes part in the process of change of things in his death. In repose, his character is in harmony with the yin principle; in activity, his movement is in harmony with the yang principle. Therefore he who understands the music of heaven is not blamed by heaven or criticized by men ... It is said, "In action he is like heaven. In repose he is like the earth ... Because his mind has found repose, therefore the creation pays homage to him.”
To understand “the music of heaven” is to attain Repose, which is another way of describing the tranquility that comes with furthering the intent of the Self. The only dynamic line in the hexagram is in the minister's place just below the fifth-line ruler. He has the confidence of his sovereign and his actions therefore accord with heaven. We can turn to the Stoics to find an illustration of this idea:
My will is simply that which comes to pass. For I esteem what God wills better than what I will. To Him will I cleave as His minister and attendant; having the same movements, the same desires, in a word the same will as He. -- Epictetus
Thus we see that the hexagram can describe either one of two opposite conditions -- the intemperate Enthusiasm of ego-confidence (a synonym for Self-Deception), or the calm Repose of true SELF-confidence. The fifteenth and sixteenth hexagrams, each the inverse of the other, represent magnetic and dynamic aspects of the same general idea: Enthusiasm, when it emanates from the Self, is just Temperance in action.
Line 2
Legge: The second line, magnetic, shows one who is firm as a rock. She sees a thing without waiting till it has come to pass; with her firm correctness there will be good fortune.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Firm as a rock. Not a whole day. Perseverance brings good fortune.
Blofeld: Unmoved as a rock; before the end of day, righteous persistence will bring good fortune. [Unmoved as a rock because of the repose which results from absolute confidence in a decision already taken.]
Liu: Firm and stable like a rock. Do not wait a whole day. Continuing brings good fortune.
Ritsema/Karcher: Chain-mail tending-towards petrification: Not completing the day. Trial: significant.
Shaughnessy: Scratched on a rock; not to the end of the day; determination is auspicious.
Cleary (1): Firm as a rock, not procrastinating, rectitude is good.
Wu: He is upright like a rock. In less time than the passing of the day, he discriminates the good from the bad. To be persevering is auspicious.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: This is shown by the central and correct position of the line. Wilhelm/Baynes: Because it is central and correct. Blofeld: This is indicated by the suitable position of this line which is central to the lower trigram. Ritsema/Karcher: Using centering correcting indeed. Cleary (2):
It is balanced in the right way. Wu: Because he is central and correct.
The Master said:"Does not he who knows the inception of things possess spirit-like wisdom? The superior man, in his intercourse with the high, uses no flattery, and, in his intercourse with the low, no coarse freedom: does not this show that he knows the inception of things? Those beginnings are the slight stirrings of movement, and the earliest indications of good fortune or ill. The superior man sees them, and acts accordingly without waiting for the delay of a single day. As is said in the I Ching, `He is firm as a rock, and acts without waiting for the delay of a single day. With firm goodness there will be good fortune.' Firm as a rock, how should he have to wait a single day to ensure his knowing those beginnings and his course? The superior man knows the minute and the manifested; he knows what is weak, and what is strong: he is a model to ten-thousand."
Legge: The magnetic second line is in her correct central position in the lower trigram. Quietly and firmly she is able to abide in her place and exercise a far-seeing discrimination. All is indicative of good fortune.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: The man is quiet, but firm as a rock, yet sensitive to the first imperceptible signs of impending changes. He does not delay in taking action.
Wing: To be able to recognize the early signs of a change in fortune is a tremendous gift. While others may be swept away by compelling rhythms and fads, you adhere firmly to the underlying principles of your nature and react appropriately to the demands of the time. Such is the behavior of leaders.
Editor: All translations except Legge and Cleary's render the second sentence in the imagery of "not waiting for a whole day to pass,” which suggests action taken on the basis of foresight, premonition or intuition. This line is sometimes an injunction to follow your common sense -- saying in effect, that an oracle is unnecessary to proclaim the obvious.
You don't need a weatherman to know
which way the wind blows.
-- Bob Dylan
A. Proper discrimination knows when to act, and when to refrain from action.
B. Your own intuition already knows the answer to your query.
Line 4
Legge: The fourth line, dynamic, shows him from whom the harmony and satisfaction come. Great is the success which he obtains. Let him not allow suspicions to enter his mind, and thus friends will gather around him.
Wilhelm/Baynes: The source of enthusiasm. He achieves great things. Doubt not. You gather friends around you as a hair clasp gathers the hair.
Blofeld: From repose, great results accrue. Harbor no doubts. Why should it be harmful to befriend this official? [The meaning of this terse question is not obvious; but the enquirer may find it apt in the context either of his question or of subsequent events.]
Liu: The source of happiness. One receives great gain without hesitation. Your friends are already successful.
Ritsema/Karcher: Antecedent Provision. The great possesses acquiring. No doubting. Partners join-together suddenly.
Shaughnessy: Really excess; if one greatly has gain, do not doubt; cowries and shells slander.
Cleary (1): Being the source of joy, there is great gain. Do not doubt. Companions gather.
Wu: Let merriment have its way. There is much to gain. No doubt about it. Friends will unite their hairpins.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: His aims take effect on a grand scale. Wilhelm/Baynes:
His will is done in great things. Blofeld: The first sentence indicates the fullest attainment of our will. Ritsema/Karcher: Purpose: the great moving indeed. Cleary (2): The aspiration is carried out greatly. Wu: His aspirations are fully realized.
Legge: The dynamic subject of line four is the agent to whom the happy condition is owing, and it is only necessary to caution him to maintain his confidence in himself and his purpose. His adherents and success will continue.
Anthony: The source of enthusiasm is in believing in our path and its ultimate success, because it is correct. We gather friends and helpers when this belief is strong enough that we do not try to convince people or contend with them. Contending comes from the ego, which secretly disbelieves.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: The man is confident, free of suspicions of others, and sincere in his dedication. He instills harmony and satisfaction among his associates. People gather around him in effective cooperation.
Wing: Harmonious times are approaching. It is safe to exhibit your confidence in the future. Your attitude will attract others to you, who will co-operate in your endeavors. In this way you can accomplish great deeds.
Editor: As the only dynamic line in the hexagram, line four is considered to be its ruler. When we note that Legge mentions "harmony and satisfaction" instead of "enthusiasm," we begin to see the meaning behind Blofeld's title of Repose. Indeed, his translation of the line begins: "From repose, great results accrue..." Wilhelm's version gives the idea of consolidating forces "as a hair clasp gathers the hair." Psychologically interpreted, a process of integration is symbolized. The line can sometimes be a gentle admonition to have faith in your own unconscious processes to advance the Work.
The One does not aspire to us, to move around us; we aspire to it, to move around it. Actually, we always move around it; but we do not always look. We are like a chorus grouped about a conductor who allow their attention to be distracted by the audience. If, however, they were to turn towards their conductor, they would sing as they should and would really be with him. We are always around The One. If we were not, we would dissolve and cease to exist. Yet our gaze does not remain fixed upon the One. When we look at it, we then attain the end of our desires and find rest. Plotinus -- The Enneads
A. A powerful force calmly organizes separate elements to effect a synthesis.
B. Quiet SELF-confidence inspires the allegiance of inner forces, accumulating energy for transformation.
7 Discipline
Autres titres : L'Armée, Le Symbole de la Multitude et de l'Armée, Légions/Conduite, Les Troupes, Force Collective, Discipline, Soldats, Action de Groupe, Une Multitude Disciplinée, Discipline de l'Ego, Volonté "Peut se référer au deuil mais sa signification essentielle est la Discipline." -- D.F. Hook
Jugement
Legge :Discipline indique qu'avec une fermeté correcte et un leader d'âge et d'expérience, il y aura de la bonne fortune et pas d'erreur.
Wilhelm/Baynes :L'Armée. L'armée a besoin de persévérance et d'un homme fort. Bonne fortune sans blâme.
Blofeld : La persistance dans une voie juste apporte aux autorités bonne fortune et absence d'erreur. [Si la question ne concerne pas les affaires militaires, nous devons interpréter ce hexagramme symboliquement dans le sens où la vie est une bataille.]
Liu :L'Armée. L'armée exige persévérance et une personne forte (leader). Bonne fortune. Pas de blâme.
Ritsema/Karcher : Légions : Épreuve. Personnes respectables significatives. Sans faute. [Ce hexagramme décrit votre situation en termes de foules désorganisées ou de groupes de choses. Il souligne que l'organisation de ces choses en unités fonctionnelles est la manière adéquate de la gérer. Pour être en accord avec le temps, on vous dit de diriger !]
Shaughnessy : Les Troupes : Détermination pour l'homme âgé est de bon augure ; il n'y a pas de problème.
Cleary (1) : Pour que le leader de l'armée soit juste, une personne mature est bonne ; alors il n'y a pas d'erreur.
Wu : L'Armée indique persévérance. Dirigée par l'homme âgé, elle sera de bon augure.
L'Image
Legge : L'eau au milieu de la terre -- l'image deDiscipline. L'homme supérieur nourrit et éduque le peuple, et rassemble parmi eux une armée puissante.
Wilhelm/Baynes : Au milieu de la terre est l'eau : l'image de L'Armée. Ainsi l'homme supérieur augmente ses masses par la générosité envers le peuple.
Blofeld : Le symbole de l'eau entourée de terre. L'Homme Supérieur nourrit le peuple et le traite avec indulgence.
Liu : L'eau dans la terre symbolise l'Armée. L'homme supérieur augmente ses partisans par la bienveillance envers le peuple.
Ritsema/Karcher : Centre de la terre possédant un ruisseau. Légions. Un chun tzu utilise la tolérance envers les gens ordinaires pour accumuler des foules.
Cleary (1) : Il y a de l'eau dans la terre, L'Armée. Ainsi l'homme supérieur embrasse le peuple et nourrit les masses.
Cleary (2) : … Les leaders développent un groupe en admettant des gens.
Wu : Il y a de l'eau sous la terre ; c'est L'Armée. Ainsi le jun zi reçoit les gens et les abrite.
COMMENTAIRE
Confucius/Legge : Discipline décrit les masses qui composent l'armée, et la fermeté correcte mentionnée signifie une intention moralement correcte. Lorsque le leader utilise les masses avec une telle correction, il peut accomplir la volonté du souverain. Le point focal de la force dans la deuxième ligne est répondu par son corrélat approprié à la place du souverain. Bien que l'action soit dangereuse, elle est en accord avec les meilleurs sentiments des hommes, et bien que le leader puisse affliger le pays, le peuple le suivra toujours -- il y aura de la bonne fortune et pas d'erreur.
Legge :Discipline est symbolisée ici par la conduite d'une expédition militaire. L'arrangement des lignes suggère l'idée d'un général entouré de ses troupes. La ligne dynamique yang au centre du trigramme inférieur a la confiance du souverain magnétique à la cinquième place. Une confiance totale est placée en lui parce qu'il est fort et correct. Il est décrit comme un homme âgé et expérimenté, donc toutes ses entreprises réussiront.
Le caractère périlleux est l'attribut du trigramme inférieur, et la Docilité ou l'Accord avec les Autres, celui du supérieur. La guerre est comme un poison pour un pays -- douloureuse, et potentiellement ruineuse, et pourtant le peuple l'endure au nom du souverain qu'il aime et respecte.
En ce qui concerne l'Image, Chu Hsi dit : "Comme l'eau n'est pas à l'extérieur de la terre, les soldats ne sont pas à l'extérieur du peuple. Par conséquent, si un souverain est capable de nourrir le peuple, il peut obtenir les multitudes pour ses armées."
NOTES ET PARAPHRASES
Jugement : La discipline dirigée par la volonté et l'intention sérieuse fait avancer le Travail. Ou : Avec un jugement expérimenté et une volonté et une intention appropriées, il y aura un bon résultat.
L'Homme Supérieur entraîne et nourrit ses pouvoirs pour construire une unité invincible.
Le mot anglais "infantry", signifiant soldats à pied (l'épine dorsale de toute armée), est dérivé du mot français enfant, signifiant enfant. Cette association ancienne a été faite parce qu'un bon officier militaire était censé traiter ses soldats comme s'ils étaient ses propres enfants -- avec une discipline sévère mais aimante conçue pour améliorer leur caractère. Ce concept est ce à quoi l'Image fait allusion lorsqu'elle dit : “L'homme supérieur nourrit et éduque le peuple, et rassemble parmi eux une armée puissante.” Interprété psychologiquement, l'idée est que le complexe de l'ego est l'officier général dans la deuxième ligne qui nourrit, éduque et contrôle les autres complexes au sein de la psyché. Cela ne peut être accompli que par la discipline, et c'est pourquoi j'ai choisi ce nom pour le hexagramme plutôt que le titre plus habituel de L'Armée.
Avec la seule ligne dynamique du hexagramme placée au centre du trigramme inférieur, nous avons une image de la position du complexe de l'ego par rapport au reste de la psyché. Le souverain magnétique à la cinquième ligne représente le Soi, isolé de l'implication physique directe et dépendant de l'ego dynamique pour accomplir le Travail dans la dimension matérielle. Le septième hexagramme, donc, montre le Travail du point de vue de l'ego.
L'hexagramme numéro huit, Se Tenir Ensemble, est l'inverse de cette image, et montre le Travail du point de vue du Soi en dehors de l'espace-temps. Là, c'est le souverain dynamique de la cinquième ligne qui est le point focal -- une image du Soi entouré de ses satellites. Dans cette dimension, le complexe de l'ego de la deuxième ligne n'est qu'un autre complexe magnétique en compagnie d'autres complexes magnétiques. Idéalement, les complexes inférieurs au sein de la psyché devraient être magnétiques par rapport à un ego dynamique, mais l'ego est toujours magnétique par rapport au Soi dynamique. Du point de vue du Soi, tous ses complexes sont ses "enfants" magnétiques, ou "infanterie". Les hexagrammes sept et huit devraient être étudiés ensemble comme des images inversées pour obtenir une compréhension complète de chacun.
Les images dans les lignes de Discipline traitent toutes de la gestion des forces comme un tout coordonné -- tant qu'elles sont sous le commandement ferme de l'ego (qui n'est qu'un général exécutant les ordres du Soi), les choses se déroulent avec succès. Si la Discipline se décompose et que le général-ego perd le contrôle, la défaite est certaine.
Narutomi Hyogo a dit, "Ce qu'on appelle gagner, c'est vaincre ses alliés. Vaincre ses alliés, c'est se vaincre soi-même, et se vaincre soi-même, c'est surmonter vigoureusement son propre corps. C'est comme si un homme était au milieu de dix mille alliés mais qu'aucun ne le suivait. Si l'on n'a pas préalablement maîtrisé son esprit et son corps, il ne vaincra pas l'ennemi." Yamamoto Tsunetomo -- Le Livre du Samouraï