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Enthousiasme16
L'inspiration alimente l'énergie ; alignez l'enthousiasme avec le but pour avancer efficacement.
↓ Line 3
Dépasser les limites ou hésiter peut mener au regret. Il est important de trouver un équilibre et d'agir avec confiance.
↓ Line 4
Le véritable enthousiasme attire le soutien et conduit à de grandes réalisations. Ayez confiance en votre vision et rassemblez des alliés.
↓ Line 5
Malgré les défis et les difficultés, la persévérance mènera à la survie et au succès éventuel.
↓ Obstruction39
Obstacle au progrès; chercher des conseils.
16 Enthousiasme
Other titles: The Symbol of Harmonious Joy, Repose, Happiness, Providing-for/Provision, Excess, Merriment, Self-confidence, Contentment, Harmonize, Excitement, Intemperance, Self-deception "Repose in the absolute confidence that the action now being taken is right. Also refers to music." -- D.F. Hook
Judgment
Legge: Enthusiasm indicates that feudal princes may be set up and the army advantageously mobilized.
Wilhelm/Baynes:Enthusiasm. It furthers one to install helpers and to set armies marching.
Blofeld:Repose profits those engaged in building up the country and sending forth armies. [This means that perfect certainty as to the rightness of our cause is of great value under the conditions mentioned. The usual meaning of this character is "beforehand" or "happiness." In the English translation of Wilhelm's version, it appears as "enthusiasm." "Repose" was suggested by the Chinese experts who kindly vetted this manuscript. At first I felt hesitant about adopting it, until I realized that, where it is used favorably, it must be understood as the kind of mental repose which follows absolute confidence that the action now being taken is the right one. In lines one, three and six, however, it clearly means failure to act when action is essential; in line five, failure to act owing to incapacity.]
Liu:Happiness. It is of benefit to build up the country (or business), and send the army forth. [Receivers of this hexagram should be wary of exhibiting excessive enthusiasm when beginning a new undertaking. If they are not, there will be misfortune. The hexagram also advises that everything necessary for advancement should be made ready. Then if an opportunity presents itself, it should be seized immediately, without hesitation.]
Ritsema/Karcher: Providing-for , Harvesting: installing feudatories to move legions. [This hexagram describes your situation in terms of what is needed to meet the future. It emphasizes that accumulating strength through foresight and prudence so things can be fully enjoyed is the adequate way to handle it. To be in accord with the time, you are told to: provide-for!]
Shaughnessy: Excess: Beneficial to establish a lord and to move troops.
Cleary (1):Joy. It is advantageous to set up a ruler and mobilize the army.
Wu:Merriment indicates the advantage of establishing principalities and taking military actions.
The Image
Legge: Thunder exploding out of the Earth -- the image of Enthusiasm. The ancient kings, in accordance with this, composed their music and honored virtue, offering it especially to God when they worshipped him at the service of their ancestors.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Thunder comes resounding out of the earth: the image of Enthusiasm. Thus the ancient kings made music in order to honor merit, and offered it with splendor to the Supreme Deity, inviting their ancestors to be present.
Blofeld: This hexagram symbolizes thunder over the earth. The ancient rulers venerated heaven's gifts with solemn music and they sacrificed abundantly to the Supreme Lord of Heaven in order to be worthy of their ancestors.
Liu: Thunder arising from the earth symbolizes Happiness. The ancient kings composed music to honor virtue, offering it to God and the spirits of their ancestors.
Ritsema/Karcher: Thunder issuing-forth-from earth impetuously. Providing-for. The Earlier Kings used arousing delight to extol actualizing-tao. Exalting worship's Supreme Above. Using equalizing the grandfather predecessors. [Actualize-tao:ability to follow the course traced by the ongoing process of the cosmos... Linked with acquire, TE: acquiring that which makes a being become what it is meant to be.]
Cleary (1): When thunder emerges the earth stirs: Thus did the kings of yore make music to honor virtue, offering it in abundance to God, thereby to share it with their ancestors.
Wu: Thunder breaks out above the earth with a boom; this is Merriment. Thus the ancient kings used music to praise virtuous accomplishments and made grand offerings to the Supreme Being to be accompanied by their ancestors.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: Enthusiasm shows one dynamic line inspiring responsive obedience in all the others: devoted obedience takes action. Such obedient action conforms to natural law and creates order and discipline in the people. The planets and the seasons follow their natural cycles. The sages similarly obey the laws of their nature and the people acknowledge their regulations and punishments as just.
Legge:Enthusiasm shows harmony and contentment throughout the kingdom -- a time when the people rejoice in their sovereign and readily obey him. At such a time his appointments and any military undertakings would be hailed and supported. Because he is close to the fifth place of dignity, the dynamic fourth line is seen as the chief executive officer of the ruler. The ruler has confidence in him, and all of the magnetic lines yield their obedience. Obedience is the attribute of the lower trigram which here takes the initiative and uses Movement, which is the attribute of the upper trigram.
The symbolism of the Image is more obscure than usual. The use of music at sacrifices is supposed to assist in producing the union between God and his worshippers as well as the present and past generations.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Judgment: Delegate authority and gather your forces.
The Superior Man synchronizes his will with the intent of the Self via the principles of the Work.
Enthusiasm is the reverse of the preceding hexagram of Temperance. In Temperance we saw the calm strength of a mountain concealed within the earth. In Enthusiasm we see thunder exploding out of the ground into the sky: the strength that was formerly tempered and restrained is now released. It is significant to note that while every line of Temperance is more or less "favorable,” every line of Enthusiasm is either negative or cautionary -- even the generally positive fourth line carries a hint of warning about “doubt.”
Negatively, Self-Deception (the passion of True Believers) seems to be what this hexagram is portraying. The figure often suggests a callow or deluded buoyancy -- the kind of outlook associated with romantic idealists. In its most negative aspect, Enthusiasm is Intemperance -- the exact opposite of the moderation and restraint shown in the preceding hexagram. The behavior of an untrained Great Dane puppy suddenly bursting into a formal dinner party could be described as "enthusiasm,” but hardly a desirable form thereof. The lower trigram of Obedient Devotion has suddenly employed the action and energy of the upper trigram of Thunderous Shock to express itself. This is inconsistent with the code of the superior man.
Conversely, in its most positive sense, Enthusiasm suggests the surety of total self-confidence. Blofeld translates this as Repose, explaining that the name was suggested to him by his Chinese advisors. We begin to understand this subtle distinction when we compare the seemingly obscure connection with music in the Image with a passage from Chuang- tse:
He who understands the music of heaven lives in accordance with nature in his life and takes part in the process of change of things in his death. In repose, his character is in harmony with the yin principle; in activity, his movement is in harmony with the yang principle. Therefore he who understands the music of heaven is not blamed by heaven or criticized by men ... It is said, "In action he is like heaven. In repose he is like the earth ... Because his mind has found repose, therefore the creation pays homage to him.”
To understand “the music of heaven” is to attain Repose, which is another way of describing the tranquility that comes with furthering the intent of the Self. The only dynamic line in the hexagram is in the minister's place just below the fifth-line ruler. He has the confidence of his sovereign and his actions therefore accord with heaven. We can turn to the Stoics to find an illustration of this idea:
My will is simply that which comes to pass. For I esteem what God wills better than what I will. To Him will I cleave as His minister and attendant; having the same movements, the same desires, in a word the same will as He. -- Epictetus
Thus we see that the hexagram can describe either one of two opposite conditions -- the intemperate Enthusiasm of ego-confidence (a synonym for Self-Deception), or the calm Repose of true SELF-confidence. The fifteenth and sixteenth hexagrams, each the inverse of the other, represent magnetic and dynamic aspects of the same general idea: Enthusiasm, when it emanates from the Self, is just Temperance in action.
Line 3
Legge: The third line, magnetic, shows one looking up for favors, while she indulges the feeling of pleasure and satisfaction. If she would understand! If she be late in doing so, there will indeed be occasion for repentance.
Wilhelm/Baynes:Enthusiasm that looks upward creates remorse.
Shaughnessy: A bowl's excess; regret; being slow there is regret.
Cleary (1): Looking up to joy, if repentance is tardy, there will be regret.
Cleary (2): Looking up in joy, repent. If too late, there is regret.
Wu: Gazing at merriment will bring regret. Loitering about will bring regret.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: This is intimated by the position not being the appropriate one. Wilhelm/Baynes: The place is not the appropriate one. Blofeld: This is indicated by the line's unsuitable position. Ritsema/ Karcher: Situation not appropriate indeed. Cleary (2): Wu: Because his position is improper.
Legge: Line three is magnetic in a dynamic place. She looks upward and depends upon the ruling line above while she does nothing herself but indulge in pleasure. Unless she changes her attitude, the auspice is bad.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: The man looks upward for favors and continues his dependency upon others. He indulges in visions of pleasure and affluence. Unless he changes immediately, he will be sorry.
Wing: You have waited complacently for a cue from someone else to motivate you. Whatever the reasons for your hesitation, whether it is idle pleasure in the present or simply inertia, you are losing your independence and self-reliance. You can still save yourself. Move.
Editor: This line is magnetic when the times call for dynamic action, giving us an image of indolent dependency. Without doing anything, she wants to "have her cake and eat it too.” Sometimes one receives this line when in a state of despair: feeling as if abandoned to one's fate by an incomprehensible cosmos. The idea is that fate isn't going to make the transition for you: you must do it yourself.
To those who are self-conceited and vain of their imaginary knowledge of exterior things, having no real wisdom, nothing can be shown, because the perverted action of their own minds opposes the harmonious action of the Universal Mind and repulses it. The spheres of their souls become narrow and contracted, and cannot expand towards the whole. They rest self-satisfied, buried in the shadow of their own ignorance, and are inaccessible to the light of Nature. Paracelsus -- Philosophia Sagax
A. Stop indulging yourself and do what you know to be correct in the matter at hand.
B. Your confidence is misplaced.
C. The image suggests weakness and dependency.
Line 4
Legge: The fourth line, dynamic, shows him from whom the harmony and satisfaction come. Great is the success which he obtains. Let him not allow suspicions to enter his mind, and thus friends will gather around him.
Wilhelm/Baynes: The source of enthusiasm. He achieves great things. Doubt not. You gather friends around you as a hair clasp gathers the hair.
Blofeld: From repose, great results accrue. Harbor no doubts. Why should it be harmful to befriend this official? [The meaning of this terse question is not obvious; but the enquirer may find it apt in the context either of his question or of subsequent events.]
Liu: The source of happiness. One receives great gain without hesitation. Your friends are already successful.
Ritsema/Karcher: Antecedent Provision. The great possesses acquiring. No doubting. Partners join-together suddenly.
Shaughnessy: Really excess; if one greatly has gain, do not doubt; cowries and shells slander.
Cleary (1): Being the source of joy, there is great gain. Do not doubt. Companions gather.
Wu: Let merriment have its way. There is much to gain. No doubt about it. Friends will unite their hairpins.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: His aims take effect on a grand scale. Wilhelm/Baynes:
His will is done in great things. Blofeld: The first sentence indicates the fullest attainment of our will. Ritsema/Karcher: Purpose: the great moving indeed. Cleary (2): The aspiration is carried out greatly. Wu: His aspirations are fully realized.
Legge: The dynamic subject of line four is the agent to whom the happy condition is owing, and it is only necessary to caution him to maintain his confidence in himself and his purpose. His adherents and success will continue.
Anthony: The source of enthusiasm is in believing in our path and its ultimate success, because it is correct. We gather friends and helpers when this belief is strong enough that we do not try to convince people or contend with them. Contending comes from the ego, which secretly disbelieves.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: The man is confident, free of suspicions of others, and sincere in his dedication. He instills harmony and satisfaction among his associates. People gather around him in effective cooperation.
Wing: Harmonious times are approaching. It is safe to exhibit your confidence in the future. Your attitude will attract others to you, who will co-operate in your endeavors. In this way you can accomplish great deeds.
Editor: As the only dynamic line in the hexagram, line four is considered to be its ruler. When we note that Legge mentions "harmony and satisfaction" instead of "enthusiasm," we begin to see the meaning behind Blofeld's title of Repose. Indeed, his translation of the line begins: "From repose, great results accrue..." Wilhelm's version gives the idea of consolidating forces "as a hair clasp gathers the hair." Psychologically interpreted, a process of integration is symbolized. The line can sometimes be a gentle admonition to have faith in your own unconscious processes to advance the Work.
The One does not aspire to us, to move around us; we aspire to it, to move around it. Actually, we always move around it; but we do not always look. We are like a chorus grouped about a conductor who allow their attention to be distracted by the audience. If, however, they were to turn towards their conductor, they would sing as they should and would really be with him. We are always around The One. If we were not, we would dissolve and cease to exist. Yet our gaze does not remain fixed upon the One. When we look at it, we then attain the end of our desires and find rest. Plotinus -- The Enneads
A. A powerful force calmly organizes separate elements to effect a synthesis.
B. Quiet SELF-confidence inspires the allegiance of inner forces, accumulating energy for transformation.
Line 5
Legge: The fifth line, magnetic, shows one with a chronic complaint, but who lives on without dying.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Persistently ill, and still does not die.
Blofeld: Illness is presaged, but it will not last long or cause death.
Liu: Long illness, but still living.
Ritsema/Karcher: Trial: affliction. Persevering, not dying.
Shaughnessy: Determination is illness; if constant you will not die.
Cleary (1): There is a persistent illness, but one never dies.
Cleary (2): Chaste in illness, one never dies.
Wu: It is like having a persistent illness, but not fatal.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: She is mounted on a dynamic line in the central position, and her memories of the past have not yet perished. Wilhelm/Baynes: It rests upon a hard line. That it nevertheless does not die is due to the fact that the middle has not yet been passed. Blofeld: Illness is indicated because this yielding line comes immediately above a firm one. Recovery rather than death is to be expected because this line is, nevertheless, central to the upper trigram. Ritsema/Karcher: Trial: affliction. Riding a solid indeed. Persevering, not dying. Center not-yet extinguished indeed. Cleary (2): Being chaste in illness means riding on firmness. Never dying means not losing balance. Wu: Because its position remains central.
Legge: Line five is magnetic in the place of a dynamic ruler, and in danger of being carried away by the lust of enthusiasm. Her proximity to the powerful influence below is a source of danger. Hence she is represented as suffering from a chronic complaint.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: The man is continually complaining. Yet the very struggling against the daily troubles constitutes his immediate incentive for living.
Wing: Total harmony is obstructed and impossible. Yet the very awareness of this will keep you from sinking again into chaos and eventual defeat.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Here enthusiasm is obstructed. A man is under constant pressure, which prevents him from breathing freely. However, this pressure has its advantage – it prevents him from consuming his powers in empty enthusiasm. Thus constant pressure can actually serve to keep one alive.
Anthony: The situation is difficult and uncomfortable. We are still under the influence of striving to achieve results or hedging to prevent them. However, our discomfort is useful in causing us to seek out these attitudes which block our progress.
Editor: At its most neutral, the image suggests a chronic condition currently not amenable to being cured. Sometimes this feels like ironic irritation: the oracle seems to be asking: "When are you ever going to learn?” The ego is clinging to outmoded ways (the "memories" mentioned in Legge's Confucian commentary), and is yet unable to fully comprehend the demands of the Work. If this is the only changing line, the hexagram becomes #45, Gathering Together, with a corresponding line hinting that the source of our illness may be less-than-pristine dedication. Cleary (2): “Gathering around the position, there is no blame. If those who are not loyal remain ever-faithful to their original commitment, regret vanishes.”
Better is one’s own dharma, though imperfectly performed, than the dharma of another well performed. Bhagavad Gita
A. A chronic problem remains unresolved.
B. Nobody’s perfect: do the best you can with what you have.
C. Old illusions obstruct your growth.
39 Obstruction
Autres titres : Obstruction, Le Symbole de la Difficulté, Mouvement Arrêté, Problème, Obstacles, Barrière, Arrêt, Boitement, À Pied, "Restez en place - Ne bougez pas" "On est entouré par un récif sous-marin et devrait attendre de l'aide." -- D.F. Hook
Jugement
Legge : Pendant un Impasse l'avantage se trouve au sud-ouest, le désavantage au nord-est. Voir le grand homme. La fermeté correcte apporte la bonne fortune.
Wilhelm/Baynes :Obstruction. Le sud-ouest favorise. Le nord-est ne favorise pas. Il est avantageux de voir le grand homme. La persévérance apporte la bonne fortune.
Blofeld : Problème. L'ouest et le sud sont favorables, mais pas l'est et le nord. [Cela signifie que si nous essayons de faire avancer nos plans en nous dirigeant dans l'une de ces directions, nous serons embourbés ou perdus. Cela pourrait aussi signifier que nous serions poussés à une conduite non vertueuse.] Il est conseillé de voir un grand homme. [Nous devrions demander conseil à quelqu'un de stature morale élevée et de sagesse profonde.] La persistance dans une voie juste apporte la bonne fortune.
Liu : Obstruction. Le sud-ouest est bénéfique. Le nord-est -- pas de bénéfice. Il est bénéfique de rendre visite à un grand homme. Continuer apporte la bonne fortune.
Ritsema/Karcher: Boitement, Récolter : Ouest Sud. Ne pas Récolter : Est Nord. Récolter : visualiser les Grandes Personnes. Essai : significatif. [Ce hexagramme décrit votre situation en termes de faiblesse, d'affliction ou de gêne. Il souligne que continuer même en boitant est la manière adéquate de la gérer. (Sic) Pour être en accord avec le temps, on vous dit de : boiter !]
Shaughnessy : À pied : Bénéfique au sud-ouest, pas bénéfique au nord-est ; bénéfique de voir le grand homme ; la détermination est de bon augure.
Cleary (1) : Quand arrêté, le sud-ouest est bénéfique, pas le nord-est. Il est profitable de voir une grande personne ; l'innocence est de bon augure.
Cleary (2) : Quand en problème, il est bénéfique d'aller au sud-ouest ; il n'est pas bénéfique d'aller au nord-est. Il est bénéfique de voir une grande personne. La justesse mène à de bons résultats.
Wu :Difficulté indique qu'il sera avantageux au sud-ouest, mais pas au nord-est. Il y aura un avantage à rencontrer le grand homme. L'auspice viendra avec la persévérance.
Hua-Ching Ni : La bonne direction est là où il n'y a pas d'abîme ou de hautes montagnes, comme le Sud-Ouest, mais pas le Nord-Est. On devrait aller vers le grand leader qui peut travailler avec les gens pour surmonter les obstructions.
L'Image
Legge : L'eau sur la montagne -- l'image de Impasse. L'homme supérieur se retourne pour s'examiner et cultiver sa vertu.
Wilhelm/Baynes : L'eau sur la montagne : l'image de Obstruction. Ainsi l'homme supérieur tourne son attention vers lui-même et façonne son caractère.
Blofeld : Ce hexagramme symbolise l'eau sur une montagne. L'Homme Supérieur cultive la vertu en provoquant une révolution en lui-même.
Liu : L'eau sur la montagne symbolise Obstruction. L'homme supérieur se réexamine et améliore son caractère.
Ritsema/Karcher : Au-dessus de la montagne possédant un ruisseau. Boitement. Un chun tzu utilise l'individualité inversée pour rénover l'actualisation-tao.
[Actualiser-tao : Capacité à suivre le cours tracé par le processus en cours du cosmos... Lié à acquérir, TE : acquérir ce qui fait qu'un être devient ce qu'il est censé être.]
Cleary (1) : Il y a de l'eau au sommet d'une montagne, arrêt. Ainsi les personnes supérieures s'examinent et cultivent la vertu.
Cleary (2) : L'eau sur une montagne – problème. Les personnes développées s'examinent pour cultiver la vertu.
Wu : Il y a de l'eau sur la montagne ; c'est Difficulté. Ainsi, le jun zi s'examine pour polir sa vertu.
COMMENTAIRE
Confucius/Legge :Impasse signifie difficulté, avec le trigramme du Péril en avant. C'est un homme sage qui peut arrêter son avance au premier signe de danger. L'avantage au sud-ouest signifie que la ligne dynamique a avancé à la position centrale. Au nord-est, cependant, le progrès est arrêté. Voir le grand homme assure le progrès et le succès. Toutes les lignes sauf la première sont à leur place appropriée, suggérant la fermeté correcte dans laquelle les régions du royaume sont amenées à leur ordre naturel. Grand en effet est le travail à accomplir pendant un Impasse.
Legge : Impasse est le symbole de l'incompétence dans les pieds et les jambes impliquant une difficulté à marcher. Par conséquent, il représente un état du royaume qui rend le gouvernement une tâche ardue. La figure enseigne comment accomplir cette tâche dans les circonstances actuelles.
Le Jugement exige trois choses : l'attention au lieu, la présence du grand homme, et l'observance de la fermeté correcte. Selon l'arrangement des trigrammes de King Wen, le sud-ouest est occupé par le trigramme de la Terre, et le nord-est par le trigramme de la Montagne. Le premier est la plaine fertile, le second les sommets montagneux ; le premier est facilement traversé et tenu, tandis que le second présente des obstacles. Ainsi, l'attention au lieu devient un calcul des circonstances -- différenciant celles qui sont prometteuses de celles qui sont susceptibles d'échouer.
Le grand homme est le dirigeant dynamiquement correct à la cinquième place, avec le corrélat magnétique approprié à la ligne deux. Cependant, la position et les circonstances favorables, et la présence du grand homme ne nous dispensent pas de l'observance de la fermeté correcte -- ce principe est constant tout au long du I Ching.
Ch'eng-tzu dit : "Nous voyons ici une montagne escarpée et difficile, au sommet de laquelle se trouve de l'eau. Chaque trigramme représente la périlleuse -- il y a péril au-dessus et en dessous. Par conséquent, il montre les difficultés de l'état." L'application du symbolisme est illustrée par les mots de Mencius : "Quand nos actions ne réalisent pas nos désirs, nous devons nous tourner vers l'intérieur et nous examiner en chaque point."
NOTES ET PARAPHRASES
Jugement : Dissoudre les polarités d'un Impasse en cherchant son intégration la plus fertile. Utilisez votre volonté en harmonie avec les principes du Travail.
L'Homme Supérieur cherche son centre et affine son engagement.
Les lignes deux et cinq de ce hexagramme difficile montrent ceux qui luttent avec la difficulté ; toutes les autres lignes montrent des images d'une avancée incorrecte suivie d'un retour correct à une position antérieure. La caractérisation de Ritsema/Karcher de la signification globale du hexagramme comme une injonction à "(aller) de l'avant même en boitant est la manière adéquate de gérer (la situation)" est anormale et en désaccord avec l'import général de cette figure. Le commentaire confucéen de Legge est plus en accord avec sa signification : "C'est un homme sage qui peut arrêter son avance au premier signe de danger."
Legge choisit également une excellente paraphrase du rôle de l'homme supérieur dans l'Image avec sa citation de Mencius : "Quand nos actions ne réalisent pas nos désirs, nous devons nous tourner vers l'intérieur et nous examiner en chaque point." En d'autres termes, il y a de bonnes chances que l'Impasse soit auto-créée, et lorsque l'ego introspecte avec soin, les raisons deviennent généralement apparentes.
Il n'est pas inconnu à un certain stade de développement que l'ego, submergé par l'énormité du Travail, évite ses responsabilités et tente vainement de revenir à la félicité de son ignorance antérieure. À de tels moments, il devient vite clair que peu importe ce que vous tentez, le succès sera bloqué : là où d'autres réussissent avec facilité, il vous faudra cinq fois plus d'efforts juste pour faire match nul. CetImpasse est permanent jusqu'à ce que vous repreniez la responsabilité du Travail. La citation suivante est une allégorie de cette condition :
Yahweh Saboath dit ceci : Réfléchissez attentivement à la façon dont les choses se sont passées pour vous. Vous avez semé beaucoup et récolté peu ; vous mangez mais n'avez jamais assez, buvez mais n'avez jamais votre soif, mettez des vêtements mais ne vous sentez pas au chaud. Le salarié reçoit son salaire seulement pour le mettre dans une bourse criblée de trous ... L'abondance que vous attendiez s'est avérée être peu. Quand vous avez rentré la récolte, mon souffle l'a gâtée. Et pourquoi ? C'est Yahweh Saboath qui parle. Parce que pendant que ma maison est en ruines, vous êtes occupés avec la vôtre, chacun de vous. Haggai 1: 6-10
D'une manière ou d'une autre, le Soi atteindra son intention. Ignorer cette dure vérité, c'est expérimenter Impasse.