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Enthousiasme16
L'inspiration alimente l'énergie ; alignez l'enthousiasme avec le but pour avancer efficacement.
↓ Line 3
Dépasser les limites ou hésiter peut mener au regret. Il est important de trouver un équilibre et d'agir avec confiance.
↓ Line 5
Malgré les défis et les difficultés, la persévérance mènera à la survie et au succès éventuel.
↓ Line 6
Un enthousiasme malavisé peut conduire à des erreurs, mais les reconnaître et les corriger évitera les reproches.
↓ Retraite33
Reculer et réévaluer. Se retirer pour gagner en force et en clarté. Se concentrer sur les ressources intérieures, conserver l'énergie et observer tranquillement. Lâcher prise avec grâce, éviter la confrontation et se préparer pour une action future.
16 Enthousiasme
Other titles: The Symbol of Harmonious Joy, Repose, Happiness, Providing-for/Provision, Excess, Merriment, Self-confidence, Contentment, Harmonize, Excitement, Intemperance, Self-deception "Repose in the absolute confidence that the action now being taken is right. Also refers to music." -- D.F. Hook
Judgment
Legge: Enthusiasm indicates that feudal princes may be set up and the army advantageously mobilized.
Wilhelm/Baynes:Enthusiasm. It furthers one to install helpers and to set armies marching.
Blofeld:Repose profits those engaged in building up the country and sending forth armies. [This means that perfect certainty as to the rightness of our cause is of great value under the conditions mentioned. The usual meaning of this character is "beforehand" or "happiness." In the English translation of Wilhelm's version, it appears as "enthusiasm." "Repose" was suggested by the Chinese experts who kindly vetted this manuscript. At first I felt hesitant about adopting it, until I realized that, where it is used favorably, it must be understood as the kind of mental repose which follows absolute confidence that the action now being taken is the right one. In lines one, three and six, however, it clearly means failure to act when action is essential; in line five, failure to act owing to incapacity.]
Liu:Happiness. It is of benefit to build up the country (or business), and send the army forth. [Receivers of this hexagram should be wary of exhibiting excessive enthusiasm when beginning a new undertaking. If they are not, there will be misfortune. The hexagram also advises that everything necessary for advancement should be made ready. Then if an opportunity presents itself, it should be seized immediately, without hesitation.]
Ritsema/Karcher: Providing-for , Harvesting: installing feudatories to move legions. [This hexagram describes your situation in terms of what is needed to meet the future. It emphasizes that accumulating strength through foresight and prudence so things can be fully enjoyed is the adequate way to handle it. To be in accord with the time, you are told to: provide-for!]
Shaughnessy: Excess: Beneficial to establish a lord and to move troops.
Cleary (1):Joy. It is advantageous to set up a ruler and mobilize the army.
Wu:Merriment indicates the advantage of establishing principalities and taking military actions.
The Image
Legge: Thunder exploding out of the Earth -- the image of Enthusiasm. The ancient kings, in accordance with this, composed their music and honored virtue, offering it especially to God when they worshipped him at the service of their ancestors.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Thunder comes resounding out of the earth: the image of Enthusiasm. Thus the ancient kings made music in order to honor merit, and offered it with splendor to the Supreme Deity, inviting their ancestors to be present.
Blofeld: This hexagram symbolizes thunder over the earth. The ancient rulers venerated heaven's gifts with solemn music and they sacrificed abundantly to the Supreme Lord of Heaven in order to be worthy of their ancestors.
Liu: Thunder arising from the earth symbolizes Happiness. The ancient kings composed music to honor virtue, offering it to God and the spirits of their ancestors.
Ritsema/Karcher: Thunder issuing-forth-from earth impetuously. Providing-for. The Earlier Kings used arousing delight to extol actualizing-tao. Exalting worship's Supreme Above. Using equalizing the grandfather predecessors. [Actualize-tao:ability to follow the course traced by the ongoing process of the cosmos... Linked with acquire, TE: acquiring that which makes a being become what it is meant to be.]
Cleary (1): When thunder emerges the earth stirs: Thus did the kings of yore make music to honor virtue, offering it in abundance to God, thereby to share it with their ancestors.
Wu: Thunder breaks out above the earth with a boom; this is Merriment. Thus the ancient kings used music to praise virtuous accomplishments and made grand offerings to the Supreme Being to be accompanied by their ancestors.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: Enthusiasm shows one dynamic line inspiring responsive obedience in all the others: devoted obedience takes action. Such obedient action conforms to natural law and creates order and discipline in the people. The planets and the seasons follow their natural cycles. The sages similarly obey the laws of their nature and the people acknowledge their regulations and punishments as just.
Legge:Enthusiasm shows harmony and contentment throughout the kingdom -- a time when the people rejoice in their sovereign and readily obey him. At such a time his appointments and any military undertakings would be hailed and supported. Because he is close to the fifth place of dignity, the dynamic fourth line is seen as the chief executive officer of the ruler. The ruler has confidence in him, and all of the magnetic lines yield their obedience. Obedience is the attribute of the lower trigram which here takes the initiative and uses Movement, which is the attribute of the upper trigram.
The symbolism of the Image is more obscure than usual. The use of music at sacrifices is supposed to assist in producing the union between God and his worshippers as well as the present and past generations.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Judgment: Delegate authority and gather your forces.
The Superior Man synchronizes his will with the intent of the Self via the principles of the Work.
Enthusiasm is the reverse of the preceding hexagram of Temperance. In Temperance we saw the calm strength of a mountain concealed within the earth. In Enthusiasm we see thunder exploding out of the ground into the sky: the strength that was formerly tempered and restrained is now released. It is significant to note that while every line of Temperance is more or less "favorable,” every line of Enthusiasm is either negative or cautionary -- even the generally positive fourth line carries a hint of warning about “doubt.”
Negatively, Self-Deception (the passion of True Believers) seems to be what this hexagram is portraying. The figure often suggests a callow or deluded buoyancy -- the kind of outlook associated with romantic idealists. In its most negative aspect, Enthusiasm is Intemperance -- the exact opposite of the moderation and restraint shown in the preceding hexagram. The behavior of an untrained Great Dane puppy suddenly bursting into a formal dinner party could be described as "enthusiasm,” but hardly a desirable form thereof. The lower trigram of Obedient Devotion has suddenly employed the action and energy of the upper trigram of Thunderous Shock to express itself. This is inconsistent with the code of the superior man.
Conversely, in its most positive sense, Enthusiasm suggests the surety of total self-confidence. Blofeld translates this as Repose, explaining that the name was suggested to him by his Chinese advisors. We begin to understand this subtle distinction when we compare the seemingly obscure connection with music in the Image with a passage from Chuang- tse:
He who understands the music of heaven lives in accordance with nature in his life and takes part in the process of change of things in his death. In repose, his character is in harmony with the yin principle; in activity, his movement is in harmony with the yang principle. Therefore he who understands the music of heaven is not blamed by heaven or criticized by men ... It is said, "In action he is like heaven. In repose he is like the earth ... Because his mind has found repose, therefore the creation pays homage to him.”
To understand “the music of heaven” is to attain Repose, which is another way of describing the tranquility that comes with furthering the intent of the Self. The only dynamic line in the hexagram is in the minister's place just below the fifth-line ruler. He has the confidence of his sovereign and his actions therefore accord with heaven. We can turn to the Stoics to find an illustration of this idea:
My will is simply that which comes to pass. For I esteem what God wills better than what I will. To Him will I cleave as His minister and attendant; having the same movements, the same desires, in a word the same will as He. -- Epictetus
Thus we see that the hexagram can describe either one of two opposite conditions -- the intemperate Enthusiasm of ego-confidence (a synonym for Self-Deception), or the calm Repose of true SELF-confidence. The fifteenth and sixteenth hexagrams, each the inverse of the other, represent magnetic and dynamic aspects of the same general idea: Enthusiasm, when it emanates from the Self, is just Temperance in action.
Line 3
Legge: The third line, magnetic, shows one looking up for favors, while she indulges the feeling of pleasure and satisfaction. If she would understand! If she be late in doing so, there will indeed be occasion for repentance.
Wilhelm/Baynes:Enthusiasm that looks upward creates remorse.
Shaughnessy: A bowl's excess; regret; being slow there is regret.
Cleary (1): Looking up to joy, if repentance is tardy, there will be regret.
Cleary (2): Looking up in joy, repent. If too late, there is regret.
Wu: Gazing at merriment will bring regret. Loitering about will bring regret.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: This is intimated by the position not being the appropriate one. Wilhelm/Baynes: The place is not the appropriate one. Blofeld: This is indicated by the line's unsuitable position. Ritsema/ Karcher: Situation not appropriate indeed. Cleary (2): Wu: Because his position is improper.
Legge: Line three is magnetic in a dynamic place. She looks upward and depends upon the ruling line above while she does nothing herself but indulge in pleasure. Unless she changes her attitude, the auspice is bad.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: The man looks upward for favors and continues his dependency upon others. He indulges in visions of pleasure and affluence. Unless he changes immediately, he will be sorry.
Wing: You have waited complacently for a cue from someone else to motivate you. Whatever the reasons for your hesitation, whether it is idle pleasure in the present or simply inertia, you are losing your independence and self-reliance. You can still save yourself. Move.
Editor: This line is magnetic when the times call for dynamic action, giving us an image of indolent dependency. Without doing anything, she wants to "have her cake and eat it too.” Sometimes one receives this line when in a state of despair: feeling as if abandoned to one's fate by an incomprehensible cosmos. The idea is that fate isn't going to make the transition for you: you must do it yourself.
To those who are self-conceited and vain of their imaginary knowledge of exterior things, having no real wisdom, nothing can be shown, because the perverted action of their own minds opposes the harmonious action of the Universal Mind and repulses it. The spheres of their souls become narrow and contracted, and cannot expand towards the whole. They rest self-satisfied, buried in the shadow of their own ignorance, and are inaccessible to the light of Nature. Paracelsus -- Philosophia Sagax
A. Stop indulging yourself and do what you know to be correct in the matter at hand.
B. Your confidence is misplaced.
C. The image suggests weakness and dependency.
Line 5
Legge: The fifth line, magnetic, shows one with a chronic complaint, but who lives on without dying.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Persistently ill, and still does not die.
Blofeld: Illness is presaged, but it will not last long or cause death.
Liu: Long illness, but still living.
Ritsema/Karcher: Trial: affliction. Persevering, not dying.
Shaughnessy: Determination is illness; if constant you will not die.
Cleary (1): There is a persistent illness, but one never dies.
Cleary (2): Chaste in illness, one never dies.
Wu: It is like having a persistent illness, but not fatal.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: She is mounted on a dynamic line in the central position, and her memories of the past have not yet perished. Wilhelm/Baynes: It rests upon a hard line. That it nevertheless does not die is due to the fact that the middle has not yet been passed. Blofeld: Illness is indicated because this yielding line comes immediately above a firm one. Recovery rather than death is to be expected because this line is, nevertheless, central to the upper trigram. Ritsema/Karcher: Trial: affliction. Riding a solid indeed. Persevering, not dying. Center not-yet extinguished indeed. Cleary (2): Being chaste in illness means riding on firmness. Never dying means not losing balance. Wu: Because its position remains central.
Legge: Line five is magnetic in the place of a dynamic ruler, and in danger of being carried away by the lust of enthusiasm. Her proximity to the powerful influence below is a source of danger. Hence she is represented as suffering from a chronic complaint.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: The man is continually complaining. Yet the very struggling against the daily troubles constitutes his immediate incentive for living.
Wing: Total harmony is obstructed and impossible. Yet the very awareness of this will keep you from sinking again into chaos and eventual defeat.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Here enthusiasm is obstructed. A man is under constant pressure, which prevents him from breathing freely. However, this pressure has its advantage – it prevents him from consuming his powers in empty enthusiasm. Thus constant pressure can actually serve to keep one alive.
Anthony: The situation is difficult and uncomfortable. We are still under the influence of striving to achieve results or hedging to prevent them. However, our discomfort is useful in causing us to seek out these attitudes which block our progress.
Editor: At its most neutral, the image suggests a chronic condition currently not amenable to being cured. Sometimes this feels like ironic irritation: the oracle seems to be asking: "When are you ever going to learn?” The ego is clinging to outmoded ways (the "memories" mentioned in Legge's Confucian commentary), and is yet unable to fully comprehend the demands of the Work. If this is the only changing line, the hexagram becomes #45, Gathering Together, with a corresponding line hinting that the source of our illness may be less-than-pristine dedication. Cleary (2): “Gathering around the position, there is no blame. If those who are not loyal remain ever-faithful to their original commitment, regret vanishes.”
Better is one’s own dharma, though imperfectly performed, than the dharma of another well performed. Bhagavad Gita
A. A chronic problem remains unresolved.
B. Nobody’s perfect: do the best you can with what you have.
C. Old illusions obstruct your growth.
Line 6
Legge: The sixth line, magnetic, shows its subject with darkened mind devoted to the pleasure and satisfaction of the time. But if she changes her course even when it may be considered as completed, there will be no error.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Deluded enthusiasm. But if after completion one changes, there is no blame.
Blofeld: Madcap repose. Fortunately a change takes place, so no blame is involved. [Madcap repose implies being tardy to the point of extreme rashness in the face of approaching danger or of a need to act.]
Liu: Deluded happiness. Change after completion. No blame.
Ritsema/Karcher: Dim Providing-for. Accomplishment: possessing denial. Without fault.
Shaughnessy: Dark excess; if complete perhaps you will be informed; there is no trouble.
Cleary (1): Oblivious in joy. What comes about has change; there is no blame.
Cleary (2): … What has come about changes, etc.
Wu: Merriment is obscured. There may be success, but changes are pending. There will be no error.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: How can one in such a condition continue for long? Wilhelm/Baynes: Deluded enthusiasm in a high place: how could this last? Blofeld: Since this is a top line, the state of madcap repose cannot possibly last long. Ritsema/Karcher: Dim Providing-for located above. Wherefore permitting long-living indeed? Cleary (2): Oblivion in joy is at the top. What can last? Wu: How can the situation continue for long?
Legge: The magnetic sixth line at the end of the hexagram is all but lost.
The action of the figure is over, and if she postpones changing her evil ways any longer, there is no hope remaining for her. However, there is still a chance of safety if she will but change.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: The man is distracted by pleasure and satisfaction. If he changes after the events of the day have run their course, however, the sober awakening will prevent future errors.
Wing: The person in this position is lost in the memory of a compelling and harmonious experience. The time is past, and what is left is empty egotism. Fortunately, reform is possible. There is an opportunity to move on to a situation of new growth.
Editor: This line has a similar auspice as that of its (improper) correlate in line three. Wilhelm's commentary states: "A sober awakening from false enthusiasm is quite possible and very favorable." Note that “no blame” is mentioned, suggesting that you are more ignorant than culpable in the situation at hand.
While he is in a state of bondage, that is while lusts and falsities rule, the man who is subjected by them supposes that he is in a state of freedom; but it is a gross falsity, for at the very time he is carried along by the delight of his lusts and of the pleasures derived from them, that is, by the delight of his loves; and because it is by a delight it appears to him as free. Everyone thinks himself free while he is being led by some love -- so long as he follows whithersoever it leads. Swedenborg -- Arcana Coelestia
A. Conquer your illusions and change your ways.
B. Illusions are shattered when pursued to their logical conclusions.
33 Retraite
Autres titres : Le Symbole de la Retraite, Céder, Retrait, Se Retirer, Manier, Retrait Stratégique, Inaccessibilité, Dissociation des Forces Inférieures, « Quand une opportunité pour quelque chose de mieux se présente, ne vous disputez pas avec une situation impossible. » -- D. F. Hook
Jugement
Legge :Retraite signifie progrès réussi. L'avantage vient de la fermeté correcte et de l'attention aux détails.
Wilhelm/Baynes : Retraite. Succès. Dans ce qui est petit, la persévérance est bénéfique.
Blofeld : Céder. Succès ! La persistance dans les petites choses apporte un avantage. [Une grande partie de l'enseignement du Livre des Changements concerne la sagesse de la retenue ou du retrait comme le meilleur moyen d'atteindre notre objectif dans certaines circonstances ; ainsi, cet hexagramme n'est pas nécessairement défavorable aux sages. Ce n'est pas un moment où nous pouvons espérer accomplir beaucoup ; mais l'attention aux petites choses nous sera utile plus tard.]
Liu : Retraite. Succès. Persister dans les petites choses est bénéfique.
Ritsema/Karcher :Se retirer, Croissance. Le petit : Récolter l'épreuve. [Cet hexagramme décrit votre situation en termes de conflit et de réclusion conséquente. Il souligne que se retirer des affaires en cours pour se cacher dans l'obscurité est la manière adéquate de gérer cela. Pour être en accord avec le temps, on vous dit de : vous retirer !]
Shaughnessy : Manier : Réception ; peu bénéfique de déterminer.
Cleary (1) : Retrait est développemental. Le petit est bénéfique et correct.
Cleary (2) : Retrait est réussi. Petit bénéfice est correct.
Wu : La retraite indique la pénétration. Il sera avantageux pour les petits hommes d'être persévérants.
L'Image
Legge : Une montagne sous le ciel -- l'image de Retraite. L'homme supérieur garde les hommes inférieurs à distance par sa dignité plutôt que par hostilité.
Wilhelm/Baynes : Montagne sous le ciel : l'image de Retraite. Ainsi l'homme supérieur garde l'homme inférieur à distance, non pas avec colère mais avec réserve. [Il ne le hait pas, car la haine est une forme d'implication subjective par laquelle nous sommes liés à l'objet haï.]
Blofeld : Cet hexagramme symbolise des montagnes sous le ciel. L'Homme Supérieur, en gardant ses distances avec les hommes de caractère inférieur, évite d'avoir à montrer de la colère et préserve sa dignité. [Les trigrammes composants, symbolisant la montagne et le ciel, indiquent un retrait vers un lieu solitaire lorsque les circonstances sont défavorables.]
Liu : La montagne sous le ciel symbolise Retraite. L'homme supérieur garde ses distances avec l'inférieur, non pas avec colère, mais avec dignité.
Ritsema/Karcher : En dessous du ciel, possédant une montagne. Se retirer. Un chun tzu utilise la distance avec les Petites Gens. Un chun tzu utilise non pas la haine mais aussi l'intimidation.
Cleary (1) : Il y a des montagnes sous le ciel, qui sont inaccessibles. Ainsi, les personnes supérieures gardent les petites personnes à distance, étant sévères sans malveillance.
Cleary (2) : … Être strict sans malveillance.[Les petites personnes peuvent être utiles, donc il n'y a pas de malveillance, mais leur petitesse ne peut pas exercer d'autorité, donc soyez strict. En termes d'apprentissage pour devenir un sage, le souverain céleste est le maître, et le corps physique prend des ordres de lui, de sorte que les désirs des différentes parties du corps ne peuvent pas causer de perturbation.]
Wu : Il y a une montagne sous le ciel ; c'est Retraite. Ainsi le jun zi se distance des petits hommes, non pas par mépris, mais pour maintenir sa propre estime. [La différence entre le jun zi et les petits hommes est une question d'éducation et non de naissance. Confucius était d'abord un enseignant et ensuite un philosophe, car il disait : « L'éducation est sans classe. » Chacun de nous a le potentiel de devenir un sage.]
COMMENTAIRE
Confucius/Legge : Il y a du progrès dans Retraite. Le dirigeant dynamique à la cinquième place reçoit une réponse appropriée de son corrélat à la ligne deux. L'action est en accord avec les exigences du temps car ce qui est inférieur augmente et avance progressivement. Les actions requises pendant une Retraite sont d'une grande importance.
Legge : Retraite est l'hexagramme du sixième mois lorsque l'influence yin, représentée par les deux lignes magnétiques, a établi un point d'appui. Cela suggère la croissance des hommes inférieurs et sans principes dans l'État, devant l'avance desquels les hommes supérieurs sont obligés de se retirer. Pourtant, l'augure de Retraite n'est pas entièrement mauvais. Par une fermeté correcte, le mal menaçant peut être arrêté dans une certaine mesure. Ch'eng-tzu dit : « Sous le ciel se trouve la montagne. La montagne s'élève sous le ciel, et sa hauteur est arrêtée, tandis que le ciel monte de plus en plus haut, jusqu'à ce qu'ils viennent à être séparés l'un de l'autre. Dans cela, nous avons un emblème de retrait et d'évitement. »
Anthony : Le moment correct pour la retraite vient lorsque les autres ne sont pas réceptifs à nous, lorsque la délicatesse de sentiment est perdue, lorsque nous commençons à être attaqués par le doute, ou lorsque nos actions ne produisent plus de progrès. La personne qui peut maîtriser son ego a de nombreux moments créatifs qui s'ouvrent à elle.
NOTES ET PARAPHRASES
Jugement : Lorsqu'elle est menée avec un discernement astucieux, Retraite est une stratégie de succès.
L'Homme Supérieur se retire des forces désintégrantes sans attirer l'attention sur lui-même. Il contrôle ses faiblesses en maintenant son but sérieux.
À l'exception possible de la ligne deux, il y a très peu d'ambiguïté dans l'hexagramme de Retraite. Sans lignes changeantes, c'est une injonction claire de vous retirer d'une situation, d'une influence, d'une émotion ou d'une façon de penser inférieure. La figure a certaines affinités avec l'hexagramme numéro quarante-quatre : Tentation qui dépeint également un élément inférieur s'infiltrant par en dessous.
Céder, c'est être préservé entier. Lao-tse
SUGGESTIONS POUR LA MÉDITATION
Comparez les hexagrammes numéro quarante-quatre, Tentation; numéro trente-trois, Retraite; et numéro douze, Divorce; dans cet ordre. Quels sont les trois hexagrammes logiques suivants dans la séquence, et quelles sont les implications de la série dans son ensemble ?