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Modestie15
Adoptez l'humilité et l'équilibre ; laissez la modestie guider vos actions pour un progrès harmonieux.
↓ Line 1
La véritable modestie n'est pas autoconsciente. Elle permet d'entreprendre de grandes tâches avec confiance et succès.
↓ Line 2
Lorsque la modestie s'exprime naturellement, elle conduit à des résultats positifs et à un succès durable.
↓ Line 6
Lorsque la modestie est évidente, il est approprié de prendre des mesures décisives pour corriger les problèmes internes et améliorer la communauté.
↓ Puissance Contrôlée26
Cultivez la force intérieure et la patience pour surmonter les obstacles. Utilisez votre énergie judicieusement et concentrez-vous sur des progrès graduels.
15 Modestie
Other titles: Modesty, The Symbol of Humility, Moderation, Humbling, Respectful/Humble, Yielding/Retiring. 1. Obtaining this hexagram implies that modesty is needed in our attitude, meaning, to allow ourself to be led without resistance. – C.K. Anthony. 2. A Humble or modest person is thought of as having an “empty or unoccupied” mind, meaning a mind without prejudice. – Chung Wu. 3. Only superior people who practice Tao know where to stop, disregard what they have and appear to have nothing. – T. Cleary.
Judgment
Legge:Temperance indicates successful progress. Temperancebrings a good issue to the superior man's undertakings.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Modesty creates success. The superior man carries things through.
Blofeld:Modesty brings success. The Superior Man is able to carry affairs through to completion.
Liu: Modesty: success. The superior man can continue to work to the end.
Ritsema/Karcher: Humbling, Growing. A chun tzu possesses completing. [This hexagram describes your situation in terms of the necessity to cut through pride and complication. It emphasizes that keeping your words unpretentious is the adequate way to handle it...]
Shaughnessy: Modesty: Receipt; the gentleman has an end.
Cleary (1):Humility is developmental. The superior person has a conclusion.
Cleary (2):Humility gets through. A leader has a conclusion.
Wu:Humility is pervasive. The jun zi will have grace in death.
The Image
Legge: A mountain hidden within the earth -- the image of Temperance. The superior man, in accordance with this, diminishes his excesses to augment his insufficiencies, thus creating a just balance.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Within the earth, a mountain: the image of Modesty. Thus the superior man reduces that which is too much, and augments that which is too little. He weighs things and makes them equal.
Blofeld: This hexagram symbolizes a mountain in the centre of the earth. The Superior Man takes from where there is too much in order to augment what is too little. He weighs things and apportions them fairly. [The component trigrams symbolize a mountain surrounded by flat earth, thus suggesting too much in one place and too little in others.]
Liu: The mountain within the earth symbolizes modesty. The superior man reduces the excess and increases the lacking; he weighs and then equalizes all things.
Ritsema/Karcher: Earth center possessing mountain. Humbling. A chun tzu uses reducing the numerous to augment the few. A chun tzu uses evaluating beings to even spreading-out.
Cleary (1): There are mountains in the earth; modesty. Thus does the superior person decrease the abundant and add to the scarce, assessing things and dealing impartially.
Cleary (2): … Leaders assess people and give impartially, by taking from the abundant and adding to the scarce.
Wu: There is a mountain inside earth; this is Humility. Thus the jun zi takes excess from the more to enrich the less and measures goods to ensure fair distribution. [To prepare oneself to accept what is fair among all his fellow men is the essence of humility.]
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: It is the way of heaven to dispense its blessings downwards, and the way of earth to radiate its influence upwards. Both heaven and earth diminish the full to augment the lowly. Spiritual beings inflict calamity on the proud and bless the meek, and men resent ostentation and love temperance. Temperanceenlightens an honorable office, and neither will men ignore it in lowly positions. Thus does the superior man attain his ends. [Emphasis editor's -- Ritsema/Karcher translate "spiritual beings" [Kuei Shen] as: "The whole range of imaginal beings both inside and outside the individual; spiritual powers, gods, demons, ghosts, powers, fetishes.”]
Legge: An essay on temperance rightly follows that on abundant possessions. The third line, dynamic among five magnetic lines, in the topmost place of the trigram of Keeping Still, is the ruler of the hexagram. He is the representative of Temperance -- strong, but self-effacing. The idea is that temperance is the way to permanent success.
The Confucian commentary deals generally with the subject of temperance, showing how it is valued by heaven and earth, by spirits and by men. The descent of the heavenly influences, and the low position of the earth are both symbolic of temperance. The heavenly influences are seen in the daily fluctuations of the sun and moon, and the fertility of the earth correspondingly waxes and wanes with the seasons.
The Daily Lecture says:"The five yin lines above and below symbolize the earth; the one yang line in the center is the mountain in the midst of the earth. The many yin lines represent men's desires; the one yang line represents the heavenly principle. The superior man, looking at this symbolism, diminishes the multitude of human desires within him, and increases the single shoot of the heavenly principle; so does he become grandly just, and can deal with all things evenly according to the nature of each. In whatever circumstances or place he is, he will do what is right.”
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Judgment:Temperance means maintaining a dynamic/magnetic balance of forces to attain success.
The Superior Man maintains equilibrium in all that he does.
The most common translation of the title for this hexagram is Modesty, but I have chosen Temperance as a title more expressive of the ideas in the Image and Confucian commentary. The words “modesty” and “humility” often carry a connotation of weakness in western usage, and “temperance,” meaning to temper or regulate, is more expressive of the dynamic strength of will required to restrain and modulate the drive to dominate every situation.
The Image shows a mountain hidden beneath the earth--the quiet, invincible power of sheer will is hidden from view, yet it influences everything. Who observing such a level surface would know that the bulk of Mt. Everest was buried beneath it? Temperance means that one's power is hidden, that the fluctuations of heaven and earth are kept in such dynamic/magnetic balance as to be invisible to ordinary vision. The temperate person is strong enough to bear the weight of the world when that is necessary for the Work.
Marcus Aurelius, the Stoic Roman Emperor, was arguably the most powerful man of his time, yet his temperance and modesty showed him to fulfill the ideal of the superior man. Only the truly strong can be truly modest.
And let this truth be present to thee in the excitement of anger, that to be moved by passion is not manly, but that mildness and gentleness, as they are more agreeable to human nature, so also are they more manly; and he who possesses these qualities possesses strength, nerves and courage, and not the man who is subject to fits of passion and discontent. For in the same degree in which a man's mind is nearer to freedom from all passion, in the same degree also is it nearer to strength. Marcus Aurelius
Line 1
Legge: The first line, magnetic, shows us the superior man who adds temperance to his temperance. Even the great stream may be crossed with this, and there will be good fortune.
Wilhelm/Baynes: A superior man modest about his modesty may cross the great water. Good fortune.
Blofeld: The Superior Man, ever modest and retiring, fords the great river -- good fortune! [Any journey undertaken at this time will bring good fortune.]
Liu: The superior man is modest in his modesty. It is favorable to cross the great water. Good fortune.
Ritsema/Karcher: Humbling, Humbling: chun tzu. Availing-of wading the Great River. Significant.
Shaughnessy: So modest is the gentleman; herewith ford the great river; auspicious.
Cleary (1): Humble about humility, the superior person thereby crosses great rivers. This is auspicious.
Cleary (2): Extreme humility. It is fortunate if leaders use this to cross great rivers.
Wu: Being humble about his humility, the jun zi can make use of this virtue to cross the big river. It will be auspicious.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: The superior man who adds temperance to his temperance is one who nourishes his virtue in lowliness. Wilhelm/Baynes: The superior man is lowly in order to guard himself well. Blofeld: He shows humility in disciplining himself. Ritsema/Karcher: Lowliness uses originating-from herding indeed. Cleary (2): In extreme humility, leaders manage themselves with lowliness. Wu: The jun zi uses humility for self-discipline.
Legge: A magnetic line at the lowest place in the figure is the fitting symbol of the superior man adding temperance to his temperance. The phrase "nourishes his virtue” in the Confucian commentary is literally: "pastures himself.” He is all temperance -- that is what makes him who he is.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: At the outset, the man retains his humility and does not press any claims. As a result he is free from challenges and does not encounter resistance. Difficult enterprises can be undertaken successfully.
Wing: If you can carry out your proposed endeavor quietly, competently, and thoroughly, without obvious announcements of your intentions, you can achieve even significant aims. With a modest and disciplined attitude, you do not create resistance or invite challenge.
Editor: Wilhelm translates the Confucian commentary in terms of lowliness as a technique of self-protection. Blofeld renders it as showing humility in one's self-discipline. Ritsema/Karcher render the verb MU, Herd, as: “tend cattle; watch over, superintend; ruler, teacher;” which recalls Legge's rendering of: "pastures himself.” The idea is to use the discipline of will to keep oneself under control. The line is conceptually a kind of "shadow” to line one of the following hexagram of Enthusiasm, which see. Sometimes it can have the meaning of "reserve” or "reservations,” as in "taking something with a grain of salt.”
The signs of one who is making progress are these: he censures no man, he praises no man, he blames no man, he accuses no man, he says nothing about himself as if he were somebody or knew something: when he is impeded at all or hindered, he blames himself ... he removes all desire from himself, and transfers aversion only to those things within his power which are contrary to nature: he employs a moderate movement towards every thing: whether he is considered foolish or ignorant, he cares not: and in a word he watches himself as if he were an enemy and lying in ambush. Epictetus
A. If you can maintain perspective, an advance is warranted.
B. A double portion of temperance: preserve your reserve, or your reservations about the matter at hand.
C. The ego undertakes responsibility for the Work with the full awareness that it is only the instrument of a higher intelligence within the psyche. This requires a servant's sense of reserve.
Line 2
Legge: The second line, magnetic, shows us temperance that has made itself recognized. With firm correctness there will be good fortune.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Modesty that comes to expression. Perseverance brings good fortune.
Blofeld: Modestly crows the cock. Righteous persistence brings good fortune.
Liu: Modesty is expressed. Continuing brings good fortune.
Shaughnessy: Calling modesty; determination is auspicious.
Cleary (1): Expressing humility is upright and good.
Cleary (2): Expressing humility is good if correct.
Wu: The subject rolls about humility. With perseverance there will be auspiciousness.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: She has the virtue in the core of her heart. Wilhelm/ Baynes: He has it in the depths of his heart. Blofeld: The cry reaches the depths of our hearts. Ritsema/Karcher: Centering the heart acquiring indeed. Cleary (2): Good if correct in the sense of attainment of the heart. Wu: Because it comes from the heart.
Legge: Line two is magnetic, central, and in her proper place. She represents temperance that has "crowed” -- that is, has proclaimed itself.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: Modesty is at the core of the man's being and reveals itself in his outward behavior.
Wing: By maintaining a careful inner Moderation, your outward actions gain influence and weight. You will now be entrusted with responsibilities. A thoroughness in your actions brings good fortune.
Editor: Temperance that "crows” seems to be a contradiction in terms; nevertheless, the image suggests the expression of temperance in one's behavior. A certain sacrifice of autonomy is implied.
The greater you are, the more you should behave humbly, and then you will find favor with the Lord. Ecclesiasticus 3: 19
A. Submit to the requirements of the time.
B. "Modesty is the best policy."
C. Show a little temperance in your behavior, or maintain your temperate attitude.
Line 6
Legge: The sixth line, magnetic, shows us temperance that has made itself recognized. The subject of it will with advantage put her army in motion, but she will only punish her own towns and state.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Modesty that comes to expression. It is favorable to set armies marching to chastise one's own city and one's country.
Blofeld: Modestly crows the cock. Now is the time to set armies marching to subdue the cities and the countries of the empire.
Liu: Modesty is expressed. It is favorable to use the army to chastise the city and country.
Ritsema/Karcher: Calling Humbling. Harvesting: availing-of moving legions. Chastising the capital city.
Shaughnessy: Calling modesty; beneficial herewith to move troops to campaign against city and state.
Cleary (1): Trumpeting humility, it is profitable to use the army to conquer one’s land.
Cleary (2): Expressing humility, one profits from military operations attacking the country.
Wu: The subject rolls about humility. It will be advantageous to use the armies to chasten the seditious state.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: All her aims have not yet been attained. She may employ the force of arms only to correct her own towns and state. Wilhelm/ Baynes: The purpose is not yet attained. Blofeld: Because the ruler's will has yet to be carried out, it is proper to do so. [This omen can be taken to indicate that we can afford to go forward boldly with our plans, but only if their fruition will tally with the general good. "The ruler's will” in this case is roughly synonymous with the public good.] Ritsema/Karcher: Purpose not-yet acquired indeed. Permitting availing-of moving legions. Chastising the capital city indeed. Cleary (2): The aspiration has not been attained. Wu: His aspirations have not been fulfilled … The purpose is to chasten the seditious state.
Legge: The subject of the magnetic sixth line is outside a game that has been played out. She will use force, but only within her own sphere and to assert what is right. She will not be aggressive. Chu Hsi bases all that is said under line six on its being a magnetic line, so that the temperate ruler is unable even at the close of the action to accomplish all her objects, and must limit her field even in appealing to arms.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: Even though the man's probity is recognized, his aims are not yet achieved. True modesty begins by disciplining one's own ego and the character of one's immediate circle, without being aggressive beyond.
Wing: Your inner development is not yet complete. The time calls for self-discipline. When difficulties arise, do not place the blame upon others. Once you begin to take responsibility for your own destiny you can bring order to your environment.
Editor: The ruler uses force to attain order in both this and the previous line, but here her influence is confined to immediate objectives. Temperance in this instance is expressed in her awareness of a lack of wholeness in the matter at hand, and of her own limitations in being able to effect completion. Psychologically, to "punish your own towns and state:” is to confine your action to the proper discipline of inner responses: emotions, drives, temptations, etc.
Better an equable man than a hero, a man master of himself than one who takes a city. Proverbs 16: 32
A. Recognize the limitations inherent in the situation and confine your action to objectives within your own sphere of control.
B. A modest, although incomplete, achievement. Confine your activity to controlling personal responses.
C. Don't get carried away with a modest achievement.
D. Set your house in order one step at a time.
26 Puissance Contrôlée
Autres titres : Le Pouvoir Apprivoisé du Grand, Le Grand Nourricier, Apprivoiser les Grands Pouvoirs, Grande Accumulation, Grand Stockage, Nourriture du Grand, Grande Accumulation, Retenue du Grand, Retenue par le Fort, Énergie Potentielle, La Grande Force Apprivoisée, Énergie Sous Contrôle, Pouvoir Retenu, Sublimation, Pouvoir Latent
Jugement
Legge : Puissance Contrôlée signifie être ferme et correct. Si son sujet ne profite pas de ses revenus familiaux au détriment du service public, il y aura de la bonne fortune. Il sera avantageux de traverser le grand cours d'eau.
Wilhelm/Baynes : Le Pouvoir Apprivoisé du Grand. La persévérance favorise. Ne pas manger à la maison apporte de la bonne fortune. Il est avantageux de traverser la grande eau.
Blofeld : Le Grand Nourricier favorise la persistance juste. La bonne fortune résulte de ne pas manger à la maison. C'est un moment favorable pour traverser le grand fleuve (mer). [C'est-à-dire partir pour un long voyage, peut-être à l'étranger.]
Liu : Apprivoiser les Grands Pouvoirs. La persistance est bénéfique. Ne pas manger à la maison est de bonne fortune. Il est bénéfique de traverser la grande eau.
Ritsema/Karcher : Grande Accumulation. Récolter l'Épreuve. Ne pas demeurer, prendre. Significatif. Récolter : traverser le Grand Fleuve. [Ce hexagramme décrit votre situation en termes d'une préoccupation dominante qui définit ce qui est précieux. Il souligne que mettre la variété des choses sous le contrôle de cette idée centrale est la manière adéquate de la gérer...]
Shaughnessy : Grand Stockage : Bénéfique de déterminer ; ne pas manger à la maison est de bon augure ; bénéfique de traverser le grand fleuve.
Cleary (1) : Dans Nourriture du Grand il est bénéfique d'être chaste. Il est bon de ne pas manger à la maison ; il est bénéfique de traverser les grands fleuves. [Ce hexagramme représente l'incubation nourrissant l'embryon spirituel. Sur ce chemin, il est bénéfique de calmer la force, de ne pas utiliser la force. C'est pourquoi il est dit : "il est bénéfique d'être chaste." La chasteté ici signifie la quiétude. Calmer la force, c'est nourrir la force. Il est bon d'être calme, pas actif – si l'on est calme, cela préserve la force ; si l'on est actif, cela endommage la force. C'est le travail désigné comme "neuf ans face à un mur."]
Cleary (2) : Grande Accumulation est bénéfique si correcte, etc.
Wu : Retenue du Grand indique prospérité et persévérance. Il sera de bon augure de ne pas prendre de repas à la maison. Il sera avantageux de traverser le grand fleuve. [Le caractère chu dans le contexte présent a deux significations : l'une est accumuler et l'autre est restreindre.]
L'Image
Legge : Le Ciel au milieu de la montagne -- l'image de Puissance Contrôlée. Ainsi, l'homme supérieur étudie les paroles et les actes des anciens pour construire sa vertu.
Wilhelm/Baynes : Le Ciel dans la montagne : l'image du Pouvoir Apprivoisé du Grand. Ainsi l'homme supérieur se familiarise avec de nombreux dictons de l'antiquité et de nombreux actes du passé, afin de renforcer son caractère par là.
Blofeld : Ce hexagramme symbolise le ciel visible parmi les sommets des montagnes. L'Homme Supérieur, agissant à partir de sa connaissance profonde des paroles et de la conduite des sages d'autrefois, nourrit sa vertu. [L'arrangement des trigrammes composants suggère des aperçus du ciel parmi les sommets des montagnes. Cela pointe vers quelque chose de très éloigné et indique ainsi l'opportunité de partir pour un endroit lointain. C'est un moment pour quitter la maison et donner une expression concrète à notre appréciation de ce que les autres ont fait pour nous ou pour le bien public.]
Liu : Le Ciel dans la montagne symbolise Apprivoiser les Grands Pouvoirs. L'homme sage étudie les connaissances anciennes pour améliorer son caractère.
Ritsema/Karcher : Le Ciel situé au centre de la montagne. Grande
Accumulation. Un chun tzu utilise les nombreux mots enregistrés précédemment pour se déplacer. [Un chun tzu] utilise l'accumulation de son actualisation-tao. [Actualiser-tao : ...capacité à suivre le cours tracé par le processus continu du cosmos... Lié à acquérir, TE : acquérir ce qui fait qu'un être devient ce qu'il est censé être.]
Cleary (1) : Le Ciel est dans les montagnes, grande accumulation. Ainsi les personnes supérieures se familiarisent avec de nombreux précédents de discours et d'action, afin d'accumuler la vertu.
Cleary (2) : …Les dirigeants construisent leurs vertus par une connaissance abondante des paroles et des actes passés.
Wu : Le Ciel est dans la montagne ; c'est Retenue du Grand. Ainsi le jun zi accumule sa vertu en se souvenant des paroles et des actes passés.
COMMENTAIRE
Confucius/Legge : Les trigrammes qui composent Puissance Contrôlée montrent l'intelligence de la Force et de la Masse renouvelant leur vertu chaque jour. Une ligne dynamique est à la place la plus haute, affichant la valeur du talent et de la vertu -- c'est le pouvoir qui maintient la Force en retenue et affiche la volonté nécessaire au hexagramme. Les talents et la vertu sont nourris parce qu'il refuse de confiner son pouvoir à sa famille immédiate. Le Ciel dans la deuxième ligne répond au dirigeant dans la cinquième, ainsi il est favorable de traverser le grand cours d'eau.
Legge :Puissance Contrôlée symbolise à la fois la retenue et l'accumulation de la vertu. Ce qui est retenu accumule sa force et augmente son volume pour devenir un grand réservoir de force. Le Jugement enseigne que si l'on est ferme et correct dans cet effort, il peut alors s'engager dans le service public et jouir de la grâce du roi.
La ligne dynamique à la place la plus haute est la ligne six qui est au-dessus du dirigeant et a tout le ciel pour se déplacer. Cela, plus le pouvoir de supprimer la plus forte opposition, montre comment il est soutenu par tout ce qui est correct.
Concernant l'Image, Chu Hsi dit : "Le Ciel est le plus grand de toutes les choses, et son être au milieu d'une montagne nous donne l'idée d'une très grande accumulation. Cela est analogue au travail de l'homme supérieur dans l'apprentissage, l'acquisition et le souvenir, pour accumuler sa vertu."
NOTES ET PARAPHRASES
Jugement :Puissance Contrôlée est la volonté. L'ego renonce aux indulgences égoïstes pour travailler pour le bien de l'ensemble. Avec un tel esprit, de grandes transformations sont possibles.
L'Homme Supérieur étudie les préceptes du Travail pour augmenter sa compréhension et sa force.
L'image essentielle à retenir dans ce hexagramme est celle du Mont Everest retenant le Ciel lui-même : la puissance brute est contrôlée par la masse pure de la Stabilité. Ainsi, nous voyons que Puissance Contrôlée est la Volonté -- sans doute la force la plus potentiellement créative de l'univers, car utilisée correctement, elle peut accomplir n'importe quoi.
La volonté n'est, curieusement, pas reconnue comme la fonction centrale et fondamentale de l'ego. Elle a souvent été dépréciée comme étant inefficace contre les divers pulsions et le pouvoir de l'imagination, ou elle a été considérée avec suspicion comme menant à l'affirmation de soi (volonté de puissance). Mais cette dernière n'est qu'un usage perverti de la volonté, tandis que l'apparente futilité de la volonté est due uniquement à un usage défectueux et peu intelligent. La volonté est inefficace seulement lorsqu'elle tente d'agir en opposition à l'imagination et aux autres fonctions psychologiques, tandis que son usage habile et donc réussi consiste à réguler et diriger toutes les autres fonctions vers un but délibérément choisi et affirmé. Roberto Assagioli –Psychosynthèse
Un exemple extrême de cela est illustré par le commentaire de Cleary sur le Jugement où il dit : “C'est le travail désigné comme “neuf ans face à un mur.” La référence est à Bodhidharma (le patriarche qui a apporté le bouddhisme zen en Chine), qui a médité face à un mur pendant neuf années consécutives jusqu'à ce qu'il atteigne l'illumination.
"Si son sujet ne profite pas de ses revenus familiaux au détriment du service public, il y aura de la bonne fortune” est une image de l'ego renonçant à ses illusions de libre choix. Psychologiquement, les complexes intérieurs draineront l'énergie de la situation à moins que l'ego n'ait la volonté de contrôler leur manifestation. Chaque ligne sauf la sixième dépeint une sorte de retenue de pouvoir -- seulement dans la ligne supérieure l'énergie est-elle disponible pour l'utilisation. Il est significatif que l'homme supérieur soit conseillé d'étudier la sagesse ancienne, car c'est dans les Mystères, la Philosophie Éternelle, que l'on découvre les secrets et les applications de la volonté. Dans d'autres contextes (par exemple, une question sur des affaires commerciales), cela peut se référer à établir des connexions avec des pratiques saines et établies.
Dans le sens philosophique plus large, nous voyons que les illusions évolutives de chaque époque assurent que les masses resteront attachées à la roue de la naissance et de la mort -- répétant continuellement des variations sans fin des mêmes leçons de base. Lorsque chaque individu est enfin prêt à échapper à ces cycles, c'est seulement dans le modèle ancien et éternel du Travail que la transcendance peut être trouvée.
Les analogies entre les idées religieuses dans le mysticisme juif qui ont des centaines d'années et les découvertes scientifiques de la psychologie moderne ne peuvent s'expliquer que par la structure archétypale de la psyché. Les images et idées de l'homme concernant les mystères de l'être tombent dans les schémas intemporels arrangés par les archétypes de l'inconscient ; ses méditations sont déterminées par eux. Dans le cadre de sa culture et de son temps, il crée de nouvelles formes pour l'expression de vérités anciennes. A. Jaffe -- Le Mythe du Sens
Par le contact avec le Soi, les cycles négatifs peuvent être brisés et des cycles positifs commencés, mais cela nécessite toujours une montagne de Puissance Contrôlée pour y parvenir.